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Preface•Energyisanessentialmaterialbasisforhumansurvivalanddevelopment.Overtheentirehistoryofmankind,eachandeverysignificantstepintheprogressofhumancivilizationhasbeenaccompaniedbyenergyinnovationsandsubstitutions.Thedevelopmentandutilizationofenergyhasenormouslyboostedthedevelopmentoftheworldeconomyandhumansociety.ThedevelopingofChina•China,asthefastestgrowingdevelopingcountry,hasscoredbrilliantachievementsinitseconomyandsocietythathaveattractedworldwideattention,successfullyblazedthetrailofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andmadesignificantcontributionstoworlddevelopmentandprosperity.•Let’slookattheenergycharacteristicsinChina~Chineseenergycharacteristics•ThoughChina'senergyconsumptionisgrowingrapidly,itsper-capitaenergyconsumptionlevelisstillfairlylow--onlyaboutthree-fourthsoftheworld'saverage.ThefiguresforChina'sper-capitaoilconsumptionandimportsaccountforonlyonehalfandonequarteroftheworld'saverage,respectively,farbelowthelevelofthedevelopedcountries.•Chinaisnowtheworld'ssecond-largestenergyproducerandconsumer.Thesustainedgrowthofenergysupplyhasprovidedanimportantsupportforthecountry'seconomicgrowthandsocialprogress,whiletherapidexpansionofenergyconsumptionhascreatedavastscopefortheglobalenergymarket.Asanirreplaceablecomponentoftheworldenergymarket,Chinaplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleinmaintainingglobalenergysecurity.•Chineseper-capitaaverageofenergyresourcesisverylow.Chinahasalargepopulation,resultinginalowper-capitaaverageofenergyresourcesintheworld.Theper-capitaaverageofbothcoalandhydropowerresourcesis50percentoftheworld'saverage,whiletheper-capitaaverageofbothoilandnaturalgasresourcesisonlyaboutone-fifteenthoftheworld'saverage.Theper-capitaaverageofarablelandislessthan30percentoftheworld'saverage,whichhashinderedthedevelopmentofbiomassenergy.•--Thescientificandtechnologicallevelhasbeenrapidlyenhanced.Chinahasscoredconspicuousscientificandtechnologicalachievementsrelatingtoenergy.Thefundamentalresearchfindings,representedbythecontinentalhydrocarbongenerationtheoryanditsapplication,havegreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofthescientifictheoryofoilgeology.Itisalongandarduoustasktousesustainableenergydevelopmenttosupportthesustainableeconomicandsocialadvancement.Weshouldstrivetoaddresstheenergyproblemproperlytorealizesustainableenergydevelopment.•Facingtheenergycrisis•Energy-savingeffectsareconspicuous.Duringtheperiod1980-2006,China'senergyconsumptionincreasedby5.6percentannually,boostingthe9.8-percentannualgrowthofthenationaleconomy.Developnewenergysources•Increasingenvironmentalpressurecausedbytheconsumptionofenergy,mostlycoal.CoalisthemainenergyconsumedinChina,andtheenergystructurewithcoalplayingthemainrolewillremainunchangedforalongtimetocome.•Sowhatnewenergysourcescanwedevelop??SolarpowerCanrapidlychangeintoothersUsingvaluehigh,expensive.Windpowerinexhaustible,lowcost,turbinenoisepollutionislimitedbyregionHydropowerlittlepollutionlimitedbyregiondamwillinfluenceecologicalenvironmentUnclearpower•Anaccidentinanuclearfissionplantcanreleaseradioactiveelementsthataretoxictolife,bothatthetimeoftheaccidentandformanyyearsafter.The1986explosionatChernobylkilled31people,andanother15,000maydiewithinthenext50yearsduetotheradioactivefallout.•Encouragingdiversepatternsofdevelopment.Weshouldcontinuetodevelopitscoalresourcesinanorderlyway,spurthepowerindustry,speedupoilandnaturalgasexploration,encouragecoalbedgastapping,boosthydroelectricpowerandotherrenewableenergyresources,activelypromotenuclearpowerdevelopment,developsubstituteenergyresourcesinascientificway,optimizeitsenergystructure,realizesupplementationbetweenmultipleenergyresources,andguaranteeasteadysupplyofenergy.Theend