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Chapter1BasicPropertiesofMaterialsBackWordsandPhasesmaterial材料density密度apparentdensity表观密度bulkdensity堆积密度solidity密实度porosity孔隙率pore孔隙voidage空隙率void空隙Chapter1WordsandPhasesstrength强度elasticity弹性plasticity塑性brittleness脆性toughness韧性durability耐久性compressivestrength抗压强度tensilestrength抗拉强度shearingstrength抗剪强度Chapter1WordsandPhasesbendingstrength抗弯强度deformation变形bendingstrength抗弯强度deformation变形stole石材cement水泥concrete砼mortar砂浆glass玻璃Chapter1WordsandPhasespottery陶瓷steel钢材wood木材wettingangle润湿角hydrophilicproperty亲水性hydrophobicproperty憎水性water-absorbingquality吸水性waterabsorption吸水率waterpercentage含水率Chapter1WordsandPhasesspecificabsorptionofquality质量吸水率specificabsorptionofvolume体积吸水率waterpercentageofquality质量含水率hygroscopic吸湿性waterresistance耐水性saturation饱和BackChapter2AirHardeningInorganicBindingMaterialsBackBackWordsandPhasesbindingmaterials胶凝材料organicmaterials有机材料inorganicmaterials无机材料airhardeninginorganicbindingmaterials气硬性无机胶凝材料hydraulicbindingmaterials水硬性胶凝材料gypsum石膏lime石灰setting凝结Chapter2WordsandPhaseshardening硬化slaking消化hydration水化quicklime生石灰slakedlime熟石灰groundquicklime生石灰粉groundquicklime生石灰粉groundhydratedlime熟石灰粉limepaste石灰膏asphalt沥青Chapter2WordsandPhasescompoundmaterial-tackinessagent合成材料-胶粘剂admixture外加剂fineness细度plastering抹灰rendering粉刷calciumquicklime钙质生石灰high-magnesiumquicklime镁质生石Chapter2WordsandPhasesdolomitegroundslakedlime白云石消石灰粉over-burntlime过火石灰under-burntlime欠火石灰crystallization结晶carbonization碳化soundness体积安定性waterretentivity保水性shrinkage收缩Chapter2WordsandPhaseslimepaste石灰浆milkoflime石灰乳silicateproducts硅酸盐制品carbonatedlimeboard碳化石灰板lime-sandbrick灰砂砖activeblendedmaterials活性混合料BackChapter3CementBackWordsandPhasesPortlandcement:波特兰水泥(硅酸盐水泥)OrdinaryPortlandcement:普通硅酸盐水泥ordinaryPortlandcement:普通硅酸盐水泥furnance-slagcement:矿渣硅酸盐水泥PortlandPozzlanacement:火山灰质硅酸盐水泥Portlandfly-ashcement:粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥compositePortlandcement:复合水泥high-aluminacement:高铝水泥Chapter3WordsandPhasesmagnesium-oxy-chloridecement:氯氧镁水泥generalcement:通用水泥specialcement:专用水泥characteristiccement:特性水泥aluminouscement:铝酸盐水泥sulfoaluminatecement:硫铝酸盐水泥Chapter3WordsandPhaseshydraulicity:水硬性plasticity:可塑性durability:耐久性aggregates:骨料silicate:硅酸盐anti-corrosion:抗腐蚀freezingresistance:抗冻anchor:锚固clay:粘土limestone:石灰石Chapter3WordsandPhasescarbondioxide:二氧化碳（CO2）calciumoxide:氧化钙（CaO）tricalciumsilicate:硅酸三钙dicalciumsilicate:硅酸二钙tricalciumaluminate:铝酸三钙tetracalciumaluminoferrite:铁铝酸四钙shrinkage:收缩calciumhydroxide:氢氧化钙calciumsilicatehydrate:水化硅酸钙sulfate:硫酸盐Chapter3WordsandPhasesmasonry:砌筑calciumaluminatehydrate:水化铝酸钙calciumferritehydrate:水化铁酸钙ettringite:水化硫铝酸钙（钙矾石）paste:浆体initialperiod:初始反应期inductionperiod:潜伏期capillaries:毛细管fineness:细度Chapter3WordsandPhasesspecificsurfacearea:比表面积screeningmethod:筛分析法negativepressuresievingmethod:负压筛法waterpressuresievingmethod:水筛法drysievingmethod:干筛法normalconsistency:标准稠度initialSetting:初凝时间Chapter3WordsandPhasesfinalsetting:终凝时间soundness:体积安定性poordimensionalstability:体积安定性不良disassociated:游离的bacillus:杆状菌Lechateliersoundnesstest:雷氏夹法mortar:砂浆compressivestrength:抗压强度bendingstrength:抗折强度BackChapter4OrdinaryConcreteBackWordsandPhasesordinaryconcrete:普通混凝土highstrengthconcrete:高强混凝土depositconcrete:现浇混凝土precastconcrete:预制混凝土premixedconcrete:预拌混凝土plainconcrete:素混凝土prestressedconcrete:预应力混凝土reinforcedconcrete:钢筋混凝土Chapter4WordsandPhasesshotcreteconcrete:喷射混凝土massconcrete:大体积混凝土concretepumping:泵送混凝土plasticity:塑性durability:耐久性ingredient:组成材料aggregate:骨料coarseaggregate:粗骨料Chapter4WordsandPhasesimpurities:有害杂质mica:云母silt:淤泥organicsubstance:有机物sulphide:硫化物sulphate:硫酸盐chloride:氯化物Chapter4WordsandPhasesunitscreeningrate:分计筛余百分率accumulatedscreeningrate:累计筛余百分率gradingregion:级配区gradingcurve:级配曲线finenessmodulus:细度模数optimizedSp:合理砂率deformation:变形Chapter4WordsandPhasesalkali-aggregatereaction:碱－骨料反应potassium:钾sodium:钠gravel:碎石scree:卵石insolublematter:不溶物Chapter4WordsandPhasessequentGradation:连续级配discontinuousGradation:间断级配singleGradation:单粒级igneousrock:火成岩metamorphicrock:变质岩aqueousrock:水成岩crushingindex:压碎指标Chapter4WordsandPhasessolublematter:可溶物concreteadmixture:混凝土外加剂rheologicalbehavior:流变性water-reducingadmixture:减水剂airentrainingadmixture:引气剂pumpingaid:泵送剂setretarder:缓凝剂Chapter4WordsandPhaseshardeningaccelerating:早强剂flashsettingadmixture:速凝剂water-repellentadmixture:防水剂anti-freezingadmixture:阻锈剂expandingadmixture:膨胀剂anti-freezingadmixture:防冻剂coloringadmixture:着色剂surfactant:表面活性剂Chapter4WordsandPhaseshydrophilicgroup:亲水基团hydrophobicgroup:憎水基团flocculationstructure:絮凝结构Ligninsulfonatewater-reducingadmixture:木质素减水剂largemoulding:大模板slidingformwork:滑模施工Naphthalenesulfonatewater-reducingadmixture:萘系减水剂Chapter4WordsandPhasesresinouswater-reducingadmixtures:树脂系减水剂chloridehardeningaccelerator:氯盐类早强剂sulfatehardeningaccelerator:硫酸盐类早强剂organicaminehardeningaccelerator:有机胺类早强剂rosinsoap:松香皂rosinpyrolyticpolymer:松香热聚物molasses:糖蜜citric:柠檬酸sodiumaluminates:铝酸钠calciumaluminates:铝酸钙Chapter4WordsandPhasescaulkingengineering:堵漏工程initialsettingtime:初凝时间finalsettingtime:终凝时间impermeability:抗渗性mineraladmixture:矿物掺合料flyash:粉煤灰silicafume:硅粉groundedslag:磨细矿渣Chapter4WordsandPhasessinteredclay:烧粘土zeoli