2012 John Milton

JOHNMILTON•JohnMilton(1608-1674)IsconsideredasthethirdgreatestEnglishpoetafterChaucerandShakespeare,andthegreatesttocomeoutofthe17thcenturyJOHNMILTON“WhenIwasyetachild,nochildishplayTomewaspleasing;allmymindwassetSerioustolearnandknow,andthencetodoWhatmightbepublicgood;myselfIthoughtBorntothatend,borntopromotealltruth,Allrighteousthings弥尔顿！你现在活着该有多好。——华兹华斯BigsocialeventsduringMilton'slife•1.1642-1624:theCivilWar(英国内战)•2.1649:KingCharlesIwasexecuted(处决查尔斯一世)•theCommonwealthestablished(共和国成立)•3.1649-1658：OliverCromwellledthecountryastheProtector(克伦威尔当上护国公)•4.1658：Cromwelldied•5.1660:KingCharlesIIrestoredmonarchy(恢复君主制)-----TheRestorationPeriod(王朝复辟时期)LifeStoryFatherawell-to-doscrivener公证人lawstationer书商amusicianandcomposerofmadrigals情歌byavocation业余爱好lovebeautifulthings&studylanguages:Latin,Greek,FrenchandItalianMilton’sPersonalCharacter:1.Haveproudandindependentspirit.2.Haverevolutionaryspirit.3.Lovefreedom.LifeStorygoodeducation:St.Paul’sSchool,thenCambridgeandgotmasterdegreegaveuptakingorders(beingaclergyman)tohisfather’scountryhouse6yearsofprivatestudyandpoetrywritingLifeStory29,atouroftheContinent,France,Switzerland,ItalyartistsandleadingIntellectuals,GalileoEngland,threatenedwithCivilWar,backpen,pamphletonreligiousreformLifeStoryMilton’smarriage1.MaryPowell,politicalview,leave,back2.CatherineWookcockdiedinchildbirth3.ElizabethMinshullsurvivedhim(remainedaliveafterhim)LifeStory(1608—1674)execution(死刑)ofCharlesILatinsecretary,correspondence(信件；函件)pamphletstosupportthegovernmenthard-working,totallyblind,beginningof1652,44yearsoldrestorationoftheStuartsblindness,thepersecution(迫害)diedofgout(关节痛)Milton’sWorksofHisEarlyDaysPoemswritteninCambridgeandatHorton:1.OntheMorningofChrist’sNativity《基督诞生晨颂》,firstimportantwork2.L’Allegro《快乐的人》Penseroso《幽思的人》3.Comus《科玛斯》amask假面剧,inblankverse4.Lycidas《利西达斯》--lyric,expressingthepathos(哀颂)ofhisfriendEdwardKing’s(爱德华·金)premature(过早的)deathtwinlyricalpoems姐妹篇abbacdeecMilton’sWorksWorksofhisadultyears:1.pamphletsonreligiousreformOfReformationinEngland《论英国改革》2.pamphletsonmarriageanddivorce:DoctrineandDisciplineofDivorce《离婚的戒律与学说》3.Areopagitica《论出版自由”》aproseworkforthefreedomofthepressMilton’sRevolutionaryWorks:4.DefenceoftheEnglishPeople《为英国人民声辩》5.TheSecondDefenceoftheEnglishPeople《再为英国人民声辩》toanswerSalmasius’accusationDefenceoftheEnglishPeople1)Apamphletagainstthedivineright(至高无上的权利)oftheking.2)Peoplemadetheking,sothekingshoulddoeverythingforthepeople.TheSecondDefenceoftheEnglishPeople1)AnanswertotheproductionsagainsttheCommonwealth.2)Fightforthelibertyofthenationsintheworldandrecovertheirlostliberty.Milton’sWorksofOldAge1.ParadiseLost(masterpiece)--epic《失乐园》2.ParadiseRegained---epic《复乐园》3.SamsonAgonistes--poeticdrama《力士参孙》ParadiseRegained《复乐园》1.IttellshowChristovercameSatan’stemptations.2.Itisthesequel(续集)ofParadiseLost.SamsonAgonistes《力士参孙》intheformofGreektragedies,fromthe“BookofJudges”,inthe“OldTestament”《旧约全书》中的《士师记》SamsonisMiltonhimself,fightingforthefreedomofhiscountry.SansontheAgonistesInthispoeticdrama,Miltonistellingushisownstory.LikeSamson,hehasbeenbetrayedbyhiswife.Hehassufferedfromblindnessandbeenscornedbyhisenemies,andyethehasbeenstrugglingagainsthisenemies.Samson’smiserableservitudeamonghisenemies,hislongingforsightandfreedom,andthelastterribletriumphareallallusionstothepoet'sownstory.Inaway,SamsonisMilton.Milton’shandfulof少量的sonnets(1)18Englishand5Italiansonnets．(2)Theyarecompact（文体简洁，紧凑）andwellorganized.(3)Thelanguageissimpleandunadorned（不加修饰的）,butpowerful.Milton’sWorksThreeliteraryperiods:1.earlyperiod:poemswritteninCambridgeandatHorton;2.middle-agedperiod:politicalarticlespamphlets;3.theperiodofhisoldage:threegiantworks.BriefSummary1.Miltonwaspoliticalinbothhislifeandhisart.Militantpamphleteer:富于战斗性的册子/檄文执笔者2.Miltonwrotethegreatestepic,ParadiseLost,intheEnglishliterature.omnipresent无所不在的BriefSummary3.Miltonisamasteroftheblankverse.InParadiseLose,Miltonacquiredanabsolutemasteryoftheblankverse.4.Miltonisagreatstylist.(biblical圣经的;conscientious认真的rhetoricaldevices修辞手段;Latinisms拉丁语语言现象,resonance反响,共鸣)5.Miltonisadmiredforhissublimity(崇高)ofthoughtandmajesty(威严)ofexpression.Puritanism清教主义Time:C16inUkandC17inUSADefinition:thereligiousdoctrineoftherevolutionarybourgeoisie(Puritans)duringtheEnglishRevolutionDoctrines:1.directpersonalreligiousexperience(abolitionofbishops)2.sinceremoralconducts:thrift,sobriety(审慎）,hardworkandunceasinglabour,nopleasureandcontrollingdesires3.simpleworshipservices4.originalsinToCyriackSkinner•Sufferedmanytragedies–Wifeandsondiedin1652–Becameblindthesameyear–Newwifeanddaughterdiedin1656–WentintohidingafterthereturnofCharlesII,brieflyimprisoned–DismayedbythefailureoftheReformationNotesofToCyriackSkinner1]...toexternalappearancethey[myeyes]areascompletelywithoutinjury,asclearandbright,withoutthesemblance（相似）ofacloud,astheeyesofthosewhosesightismostperfectCyriackSkinner,agrandsonofthecelebratedjuristSirEdwardCoke,hadbeenoneofMilton'spupilsandremainedhisfaithfulfriend.NotesofToCyriackSkinner•6]argue:con