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Part1ElectronicsPart2CommunicationsPart3ComputersPart1ElectronicsUnit1TheDevelopmentofElectronicsUnit2Resistor,CapacitorandInductorUnit3CircuitsUnit4AmplifierUnit6PulseDigitalCircuitEXERCISEUnit1TheDevelopmentofElectronics电子学的发展电学经典物理学的一个分支电子学基于电学中的电磁学与电工学发展起来electricityelectronics计算机控制系统通信computercontrolsystemcommunication应用领域Electronicsisapartofthelargerfieldofelectricity.Thebasicprinciplesofelectricityarealsocommontoelectronics.Modernadvancesinthefieldsofcomputer,controlsystem,communicationshaveacloserelationshipwithelectronics.电子领域：电子管，晶体管，集成电路等发展对其起着重要作用。电子管晶体管集成电路electrontubetransistorintegratedcircuitThefieldofelectronicsincludestheelectrontube,transistor,integratedcircuitandsoon.1883年：电子学始于“爱迪生效应”，爱迪生研究电灯材料时发现了真空二极管。1905年：佛莱明发明第一个二极管真空二极管Vacuumdiode真空二极管的特点：（1）非线性（2）单向导电（3）不能放大信号nonlinearunilateralelectricalamplificationofasignalElectronicsbeganin1883,whenThomasEdisondiscoveredthevacuumdiodeaspartofhisresearchonmaterialsforapracticalelectriclight.Thisfirstelectronicdeviceexhibitedanonlinear,unilateralelectricalcharacteristicbutwasnotcapableofproducingamplificationofasignal.In1905Flemingproducedthefirstdiode.1906年，德.福雷斯特研制第一个三极管三极管二极管取代应用：通信工业如收音机、电视等application:communicationindustry,radio,televisiondiodetriodeIn1906DeforestmadethefirsttriodeintheUnitedStates.Thewidespreadapplicationsofvacuumtubesduringthattimeperiodwereinthecommunicationsindustry,firstinradioandlaterintelevision.Theuseofvacuumtubesdeclinedrapidlywhenasemiconductordevicewasinventedthatcouldperformmanyofthefunctionspreviouslyassociatedwithvacuumtubes.数字积分计算机：第一个大型数字电子系统的真空管电路，计算机工业的先驱。数字积分计算机：electronicnumericalintegratorandcomputer(ENIAC)Thefirstlargedigitalelectronicsystemwasaspecial-purposevacuumtubecircuitcalledtheelectronicnumericalintegratorandcomputer(ENIAC).TheENIACwastheforerunnerofthecomputerindustry.真空管：vacuumtube计算机工业：computerindustry晶体管早期：锗材料近期：硅transistorgermaniumsilicon应用：袖珍调幅收音机PortableAM(amplitudemodulation)broadcastreceivers1948年：晶体管问世，对电子学具有重大意义。Thetransistorwasinventedin1948andmadeasignificantcontributiontoelectronics.Theearlytransistorsweremadefromgermanium.Themostvisibleapplicationofthesedeviceswasinsmall,portableAMbroadcastreceivers.Silicontransistorsbegantoreplacegermaniuminthelate1950s.数字逻辑器件集成电路大型集成电路超大型集成电路digitallogicintegratedcircuitlarge-scaleintegration（LSI）Verylarge-scaleintegration（VLSI）Thecommercialsuccessoftheintegratedcircuitindustrywasbasedonstandardproductsrepresentingdigitallogicfamilies.Theintegratedcircuitindustrywasmovingfromtheeraofsmall-scalecircuitstolarge-scaleintegration(LSI).Asthedecadeofthe1970scametoaclose,anewerainintegratedcircuitswasbeginning.Thiseraischaracterizedbytheinclusionoflargerandlargernumbersofcomponentsinasinglecircuit,anditiscalledverylarge-scaleintegration(VLSI).Electronictechnologyisdevelopingrapidlyintheworld.Andelectronicsindustryisequippedtomakeyetanothergiantstepforward.Unit2Resistor,CapacitorandInductor电阻器、电容器和电感器电路元件：电阻、电感、电容等电阻电容电感resistorcapacitorinductorAlthoughresistors,capacitorsandinductorsformimportantelementsinelectroniccircuitry,itisessentialtoknowsomethingaboutresistance,capacitanceandinductance.abUabIR电阻分类：1、固定电阻和可变电阻2、线性电阻和非线性电阻欧姆定律：Uab＝IRUab：电压降I：电流R：电阻，单位为欧姆电阻器：它是一个二端元件two-terminalelementOhm’sLawvoltagedropcurrentohmfixedresistor,variableresistorlinearandnonlinear一、电阻器及电阻resistorAresistorisatwo-terminalelement.Betweenitsterminalsitexhibitsavoltagedropwhichisdirectlyproportionaltothecurrentpassingthroughit.Wespecifythesizeoftheresistorinohms,whichistheratioofvoltagetocurrent.Thisrelationshipbetweenvoltageandcurrent,calledOhm’sLaw,canbestatedinanequationV=IR.Resistorsmaybeclassifiedasfixedorvariableintheirtypeandalsoaslinearandnonlinear.电阻的概念：对电流的阻力为电阻。单位符号为Ω。1Ω的定义：当加在导体上的电压为1V时，将导体的电流限制为1A所需要的电抗值。ResistanceistheoppositiontotheflowofcurrentandisrepresentedbythelettersymbolR.Theunitofresistanceistheohm,expressedbyusing(Ω).Oneohmisdefinedasthatamountofresistancethatwilllimitthecurrentinaconductortooneamperewhenthevoltageappliedtotheconductorisonevolt.Largeramountofresistancearecommonlyexpressedinkilo-ohm(kΩ)andinmega-ohm(MΩ).resistanceconductorReactance二、电容器及电容电容器的概念：可以将电能存储在电场中的器件称为电容器。电容器按介质分类纸玻璃陶瓷capacitorpaperglassceramicdielectricelectricalenergyElectricalenergycanbestoredinanelectricfield.Thedevicecapableofdoingthisiscalledacapacitororacondenser.Capacitorsaregenerallydividedintoclassesaccordingtotheirdielectric,e.g.paper,glass,ceramic,etc.abcetcetra(=andsoon)forexample电容器的特点：1、电动势越大，电容器存储的电荷就越多。2、电容器的容量越大频率越高，容抗也就越小。ElectromotiveforceelectricitycapacityfrequencycapacityreactanceThelargeristheelectromotiveforce,themoreelectricitythecapacitorstores.Thegreateristhecapacityofthecapacitor,andthehigheristhefrequency,theloweristhecapacityreactance.The+比较级，the＋比较级：表示“越……越……”电容的概念：电容器存储电容的能力叫电容。电容的特点：1、电容从来都不是常数，除非在固定的条件下。2、电容的单位为法拉（F）。一般用微法，微微法。constantfixedconditionfaradmicrofarad1F=106MF=1012MMf(PF)Theabilityofacapacitortostoreelectricalenergyistermedcapacitance.Itisimportanttorememberthatcapacitanceisneverconstant,exceptundercertainfixedconditions.Itis