目录实验一培养基母液的配制·······························································1实验二培养基的配制·····································································4实验三愈伤组织诱导及培养····························································6实验四愈伤组织继代培养·······························································7实验五植物生长调节剂对愈伤组织形态发生的作用······························8实验六植物人工种子的制备····························································9实验七茎尖培养··········································································11实验八细胞液体悬浮培养······························································12实验九低温和饥饿处理诱导悬浮培养细胞同步化································14实验十花药培养··········································································16实验十一成熟胚的培养·································································17实验十二叶肉原生质体的分离与培养···············································18实验十三悬浮培养细胞原生质体的分离与培养···································20实验十四PEG诱导原生质体融合·····················································22实验十五三亲本杂交法转化农杆菌··················································24实验十六冻融法转化农杆菌···························································26实验十七基因枪法转化愈伤组织·····················································27实验十八农杆菌介导法转化水稻愈伤组织·········································30实验十九转化愈伤的除菌、筛选及再生············································32实验二十植物总DNA的提取·························································35实验二十一植物总RNA的提取······················································37实验二十二转化植株的PCR检测····················································38实验二十三组织化学染色法检测Gus活性········································41实验二十四转化植株的Southern检测···············································43实验二十五转化植株的Northern检测···············································471实验一培养基母液的配制一、实验特点实验类型:验证实验类别:专业计划学时:3每组人数:2二、实验目的要求掌握配制培养基母液的原理;学习培养基母液的配制方法和母液的使用方法。三、实验原理在植物组织培养所用的培养基中,一般都含有无机盐、有机物和植物生长调节剂等十几种成分。如果每次配制培养基时都按着成分表逐个地称量,不但费时,而且有些成分的用量极小,配制时容易产生误差。因此,为了提高工作效率和减少误差,一般将常用的基本培养基中的各种成分配成一定倍数的贮存液,这种溶液叫培养基母液。用时,根据培养基配方、母液浓度和要配制的培养基的体积计算出所需溶液的体积,用量筒、移液管或微量移液器量取即可。母液的配制有2种方法:单配法和混配法。前者便于配制不同种类的培养基,后者便于大量配制同种培养基。(1)单配法:将培养基配方中的每个组分配成一定浓度单一化合物母液,这种母液的浓度一般用mg/mL表示。本实验配以下母液:无机盐称取量(mg)定容体积(mL)浓度(mg/mL)Na2MoO42H2O501000.5CuSO4·5H2O501000.5CoCl2·6H2O501000.5烟酸1001000.5VB11001000.5VB61001000.5(2)混配法:将培养基配方中的组分配成几种不同的混合溶液,将各类营养成分按配方中的用量扩大一定倍数称量,分别溶解后每一类混合在一起,定容到一定体积,配成混合母液。如MS基本培养基中的营养成分可配成A、B、C、D、E、F六类母液。这种母液的浓度可用a倍表示。其意义为:母液中各成分的浓度是培养基中该成分浓度的a倍,配制1升培养基需吸取该母液1000/a毫升。本实验以MS培养基为例,学习培养基母液的配制方法及母液的使用方法。四、实验仪器设备2天平(万分之一,百分之一)、药匙、试剂瓶(500mL、200mL)、容量瓶(500mL、200mL、100mL)烧杯(500mL、100mL),玻璃棒,电炉、标签纸五、材料消耗费本实验需材料消耗费50元/组,具体消耗品如下:MS基本配给药品、2,4-D、NAA、IBA、IAA、BA、蒸馏水、KT、95%酒精、1N盐酸六、实验内容步骤1.MS无机盐母液的配制A:50倍500mL(1)蒸馏水350mL(2)NH4NO341.25g(3)KNO347.5g取约350mL蒸馏水于烧杯中,依次加入(2)(3),待(2)(3)全溶后定容至500mL,装入广口瓶,注明母液名称、浓度、日期,4℃冰箱中贮存备用。B:100倍500mL(1)蒸馏水350mL(2)MgSO4·7H2O18.5g(3)MnSO4·4H2O1.115g或MnSO4·H2O0.845g(4)ZnSO4·7H2O0.43g(5)CuSO4·5H2O1.25mg(2)~(5)依次溶解后定容至500mL。(其他同A)C:100倍500mL(1)蒸馏水350mL(2)CaCl2·2H2O22g或CaCl216.61g(3)CoCl2·6H2O1.25mg(4)KI41.5mg(2)~(4)依次溶解后定容至500mL。(其他同A)D:100倍500mL(1)蒸馏水350mL(2)KH2PO48.5g(3)H3BO30.31g(4)Na2MoO4·2H2O12.5mg(2)~(4)依次溶解后定容至500mL。(其他同A)E:100倍500mL(1)蒸馏水350mL3(2)Na2-EDTA1.865g(3)FeSO4·7H2O1.39g在盛有350mL蒸馏水的烧杯中加入2粒氢氧化钠,溶解后加入Na2-EDTA,加热使其全部溶解。然后边搅拌,边慢慢加入FeSO4·7H2O直至全部溶解。冷却后定容至500mL,装入棕色试剂瓶中,注明名称、浓度、日期,4℃保存备用。2.MS有机物母液的配制F:200倍100mL(1)肌醇2g(2)烟酸10mg(3)VB610mg(4)VB12mg(5)甘氨酸40mg取约70mL蒸馏水于烧杯中,依次加入(1)~(5),定容后装入塑料瓶中,注明名称、浓度、日期,贮存在-20℃冰箱中备用。(2)~(5)可制成高浓度液备用。精度高,误差小。3.植物生长调节剂母液的配制按下表准确称量各种植物生长调节剂,细胞分裂素类先用少量1NHCl溶解后,再加入温水,冷却后定容。生长素类先用少量95%酒精或1NNaOH加热溶解后,再加入温水,冷却后定容,注明名称、浓度、日期,-20℃冰箱中贮存。植物生长调节剂称配量(mg)定容体积(mL)浓度(mg/mL)KT501000.5BA501000.52,4-D502000.5IAA502000.5NAA502000.5IBA502000.5七、注意事项1.配制培养基一般用蒸馏水或去离子水,精细的实验需用重蒸水。化学药品应采用分析纯AR或化学纯CR的,以免杂质对培养基造成不利影响。2.混配法配制母液时,应把各种成分都写在之上,加进去一个划掉一个,防止多加或少加。并要等前一种成分完全溶解后才可加入后一成分,以免相互作用。3.母液配制完后,必须贴上标签,注明名称、浓度、日期。八、实验报告要求请思考以下问题:41.为什么要配制培养基母液?2.在配制培养基时,怎样计算母液的用量?配制1升MS基本培养基,应吸取本实验中所配制的六类混合母液各多少毫升?3.“E母液”为什么要置于褐色瓶中保存?实验二培养基的配制一、实验特点实验类型:验证实验类别:专业计划学时:3每组人数:2二、实验目的要求掌握配制培养基的方法和技能;为下一步的愈伤组织诱导准备培养基。三、实验原理在离体培养条件下,不同植物的组织对营养有不同的需求。甚至同一种植物的不同部位的组织对营养的要求也不同。只有满足了它们各自的营养要求,它们的生长才能尽如人意。所以要根据材料和培养目的的不同,配制相应的培养基。配制时,一般根据培养基配方先将所需蔗糖溶解到适量蒸馏水中,再依次加入各种母液。经定容、调pH、加固化剂、分装、灭菌,制成培养基备用。四、实验仪器设备天平(万分之一,百分之一)、酸度计、自动高压灭菌锅、微量移液器(5000μL、1000μL、200μL、40μL)、烧杯、容量瓶、玻璃棒、50mL三角瓶、封口膜、线绳、记号笔等五、材料消耗费本实验需材料消耗费20元/组,具体消耗品如下:2,4-D、BA、蔗糖、琼脂粉、1NNaOH、0.1NNaOH、1NHCl、0.1NHCl六、实验内容步骤1.用百分之一天平称取30g蔗糖,加入750mL蒸馏水溶解。2.分别加入20mL母液A、10mL母液B、10mL母液C、10mL母液D、10mL母液E、5mL母液F,加的过程中要不断搅拌。3.加入2,4-D,使其终浓度为10mg/L;加入6-BA,使其终浓度为2mg/L。4.加蒸馏水定容至1L。5.溶液混匀后,用1NNaOH、1NHCl、0.1NNaOH、0.1NHCl调节pH至5.8。56.用百分之一天平称取8g琼脂加入溶液中。7.把培养基分装到50mL三角瓶中,每瓶中25mL,分装前要充分搅拌。分装好以后,用封口膜把瓶口封住,用线绳绑好。8.把分装好的培养基放入高压灭菌锅中,120℃(1.06kg/cm2)灭菌15min。待压力降下后,取出培养基,置于阴凉处,冷凝后备用。七、注意事项1.使用酸度计前,要用蒸馏水把电极冲洗干净,用吸水纸蘸干。使用后,也要把电极冲洗干净,用吸水纸蘸干后再放到电极缓冲液中。注意不要用力擦拭电极,以防破坏电极上的保护膜。2.分装培养基之前,一定要充分混匀。如果分装不均匀,会造成培养基硬度不一致。3.用高压灭菌锅时,一定要等到锅中冷空气排净,有热蒸汽排出时,才可关闭放气阀,否则灭菌效果不好。4.某些生长调节物质,如维生素、抗生素、酶类等遇热不稳定,不能高压灭菌。需要进行过滤灭菌,在无菌条件下将其加入到经高压灭菌后冷却到约45℃的培养基中即可。八、实验报告要求请思考以下问题:1.加母液前为何要加入约培养基终体积3