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中南财经政法大学2011届本科毕业论文（设计）-1-摘要生态环境和自然资源是人类赖以生存的物质基础，维持整个生态系统平衡是社会经济可持续发展的前提条件。但长期以来受“资源无价”观念的影响，人类活动对生态环境的影响远远超出了自然生态系统的自净能力，破坏了自然生态系统的平衡，造成了严重的环境污染和生态破坏。随着人类社会由工业文明向生态文明的转变，生态补偿法律机制成为了实现环境资源有偿使用的重要制度和手段。可我国至今还没有一部生态补偿的基本法对生态补偿的原则、对象、范围等做出总体性规定。因此，有必要将生态补偿思想融入环境法律制度，针对不同的生态补偿进行不同的制度设计，为生态补偿实践提供可靠的法律依据。草原是我国面积最大的陆地生态系统,草原在涵养水源、水土保持、调节气候、防风固沙以及维护生态多样性等方面,都具有不可替代的重要作用。草原与耕地、森林和海洋等自然资源一样,是我国重要的战略资源。但是长期以来受自然和人为因素的影响,全国90%以上的天然草原出现不同程度的退化,草原生态服务功能下降,对我国生态安全构成严重威胁。“十五”以来,国家启动了退牧还草、京津风沙源治理等一系列加强保护草原生态的重大工程。但由于工程实施面积有限,草原生态“局部改善、总体恶化”的态势尚未得到根本扭转。因此,为加强草原生态保护和建设,尽快建立草原生态服务补偿的长效机制,充分发挥草原特有的生态服务价值,对维护国家生态安全至关重要。草原生态建设和生态建设补偿机制,是事关草原生态建设持续有效性、缓解“三牧”问题、建设环境友好型和谐新牧区、全面建设小康社会的关键性研究命题。草原资源生态补偿制度是自然资源有偿使用制度的重要内容之一，草原资源的理论界和实务界对此进行了积极探索，提出了不少建设性的建议和方案，环境资源法学者也开始给予应有的关注。近年来，我国在草原资源生态建设的工作中取得了很大的成绩，但由于一些地方满负荷、超负荷开发利用草原，导致草原资源的严重破坏和不断退化。因而，草原资源生态补偿法律机制的构建迫在眉睫。构建具有可行性的我国草原资源生态补偿制度，首先应当从理论上澄清其含义，为制度设计提供学理依据；然后，结合现状拿出切实可行的应对之策，从立法上寻找突破口，为其实施提供法制保障。关键词：草原资源，生态补偿，法律制度中南财经政法大学2011届本科毕业论文（设计）-1-AbstractTheecologicalenvironmentandnaturalresourcesarematerialbasetothesurvivalofhumans,maintaintheentireecosystembalanceisthepremiseofsustainabledevelopmentofsocialeconomycondition.Butforalongtime,theresourcespricelessideainfluencedhumanactivitiesontheecologicalenvironment,theinfluenceofthenaturalandecologicalsystemgoesfarbeyondtheself-purificationcapability,destroythebalanceofnaturalecologicalsystem,causedsevereenvironmentalpollutionandecologicaldestruction.Withhumansocietybyindustrialcivilizationchangingtoecologicalcivilization,ecologicalcompensationlegalmechanismsbecametheimportantinstitutionusingmethodoftherealizationenvironmentalresources.Butourcountrystilldoesnothaveabasiclawofecologicalcompensationforecologicalcompensationprinciple,object,makeoverallscopeofrules.Therefore,itisnecessaryinecologicalcompensationlegalsystem,ideologicalenvironmentaccordingtodifferentecologicalcompensationfordifferentsystemdesignforecologicalcompensationpractices,providereliablelegalbasis.GrasslandisthelargestareainChinaterrestrialecosystem,grasslandinwaterconservation,waterandsoilconservation,adjustingtheclimate,forwindbreakandsand-fixationandmaintainingecologicaldiversity,etc.,hasirreplaceablerole.Grasslandandcultivatedland,naturalresourcessuchasforestsandoceansas,isChina'simportantstrategicresources.However,foralongtimebybothnaturalandhumanfactors,thenational90%ofthenaturalgrasslandappeardifferentdegreeofdegradation,grasslandecologicalservicefunctiondeclineonourecologicalsafety,poseaseriousthreat.Since“FifteenPlan”,countrieslaunchedgrazingland,“Beijing-TianjinSandstormSourceControl”andaseriesofstrengtheningtheprotectionofgrasslandecosystemoftheimportantproject.Butbecausetheprojectimplementationareaisfinite,“Partialimprovement,Overalldeterioration”situationofthegrasslandecologicalhasnotbeenafundamentalchange.Therefore,inordertostrengthenthegrasslandecologicalprotectionandconstruction,establishthegrasslandecologyservicecompensationlong-effectmechanism,givefullplaytograsslandecologicalservicevalue,endemictosafeguardnationalecologicalsafetyisveryimportant.Grasslandecologicalconstructionandecologicalconstructioncompensationmechanismofecologicalconstruction,arecriticaltograsslandcontinuedeffectiveness,alleviate“ThreeShepherd”problem,constructionenvironment-friendlyharmoniousnewpastoralareas,thecomprehensiveconstructionwell-offsociety'skeyresearchpropositions.Grasslandresourcesecologicalcompensationsystemisthecompensationsystemsforuseofnaturalresources,oneof中南财经政法大学2011届本科毕业论文（设计）-2-theimportantcontentofthegrasslandresourcestothetheoryandpractice,andputsforwardtheactivelyexploremanyconstructivesuggestionandscheme,environmentalandresourceslawscholarsalsobegintopaydueattentiontoit.Inrecentyears,ourcountryingrasslandresourcesecologicalconstructionworkhasmadegreatachievements,butduetosomeplacesofourcountryoverloadingtodevelopthegrassland,leadaseriousdestructionofthegrasslandresourcesandconstantlydegradation.Thus,thegrasslandresourcesconstructionofecologicalcompensationlegalmechanismsisimminent.Constructingfeasibleourgrasslandresources,firstweshouldclarifythemeaningfromthetheory,providingthemeaningtheoreticalacademicbasisforthesystemdesign.Then,combinewiththecurrenttakingoutfeasibleofpolicymeasures,lookingforabreakthroughfromthelegislation,toprovidelegalsafeguardsystem.Keywords：Grasslandresources;Ecologicalcompensation;Legalsystem中南财经政法大学2011届本科毕业论文（设计）-1-目录一、我国草原的现状...............................................................................................1（一）“三化”草地面积迅速扩大..............................................................................................1（二）草地水土流失日益严重.................................................................................................2（三）草地植被破坏严重，野生动植物濒临灭绝................................................................2（四）草地鼠虫灾害严重..........................................................................................................2（五）草原环境污染加剧...................................................................................