高中宾语从句

名词性从句宾语从句1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句1）主句的谓语动词可以是及物动词：2）如果主句的谓语动词是一个带有介词的词组，那么后接的从句做介词宾语从句。3）有些形容词后也可以带有宾语从句。I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.Hewonderedifhecouldpasstheexam.Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertheycanpasstheexam.注意：动词+副词形成的谓语动词词组后也可以带宾语从句。一、从属连词1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略LinTaoknows(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.Hesaid(that)hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.引导词种类2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Italldependsonwhethershelikesthebossornot.引导词种类二、连接代词which,what,whose,who,whom,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。Iwonderwhowillteachus.Mr.Wangaskedwhosebookthatwas.Youcantakewhateveryoulike.引导词种类三、连接副词where,when,why,how等连接副词在句中作状语。Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.引导词种类带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedhere.Itoldmethatshewastalkingwithhermotheratthattimelastweek.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackthenextday.Hesaidthathehadseenitbefore.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.Theteachersaidthattheworldismadeupofmatter.三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?4.DoesheknowFrench?Wewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsFrench.Wewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowFrench.5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?They’renotsureif/whethertheywillgotoCanadainsummer.They’renotsureif/whetherwilltheygotoCanadainsummer.1．could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。注意事项Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?2.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用thatShesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.3.当doubt,doubtful用于肯定句时，后面的名词性从句连接词常用whether或if;当doubt,doubtful用于否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词用that。Idoubtif/whetherheisathome.Wedon’tdoubtthattheycancompletethetaskaheadoftime.4.当besure引导主句是肯定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用that;当besure引导的主句是否定句时，后面的名词性从句的连接词常用whether或if。Wearesurethathewillbesuccessfulsoon.Theoldmandidn’tseemtobesurewhether/ifhehadmetme.5.介词后宾语从句的注意事项：①一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。Iamsurprisedatwhathesaid.②介词后如果接that从句，要先加上it,再加that从句，即“介词+it+that…”结构。Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.(that不能省略)③介词except,but,besides及in后可接that从句。Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheliveshere.(that不能省略)7.只能使用whether而不能使用if的几种情况：①介词后宾语从句用whether,不用if.②whether引导表语从句和同位语从句，而if则不能。③whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.④在不定式前只能用whether.（如：Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。）⑤discuss后宾语从句用whether不用if。6.在suggest,demand,order,insist等动词之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即“(should+)动词原形”。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)setaboutdoingtheworkatonce.Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.Theleaderorderedthatthearmy(should)setoffatonce.主句从句一般将来时态一般现在时态祈使句含有情态动词Doyouknowif______backnextweek?Ifhe______back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome7.连词if和when在不同从句中的区别：Idon’tknowwhenhe_________(come).Ican’twaithereanymore.Whenhe_______(come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?willcomecomes8.连词+宾语从句连词+todoIdon’tknowwhatIshalldonext.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.Shedidn’tdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.Shedidn’tdecidewhichonetochoose.Pleasetellmewhomyou’llgivetheletterto.Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.9.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it这类动词主要有:like,hate,take,owe,have,seeto.Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他会认为我们的计划确实可行.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我们认为你会同意我们的.Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.开启发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.10.宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?11.宾语从句不可以省略引导词that的情况①当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略。②except（介词）后面宾语从句中that不可以省略。③宾语从句紧接在间接宾语后时，从句中的that不可以省略。④it作形式宾