建立健全人民代表大会制度的意义

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重庆科技学院本科生思想政治论文题目:建立健全人民代表大会制度的意义院系名称工商管理学院专业名称工商管理(行政管理方向)学生证号200511063086姓名熊廷超指导老师卢艳2007年5月16日目录摘要········································································································································1关键词·····································································································································2一、我国人民代表大会制度的发展历程·························································3(一)1949年中华人民共和国成立,确定了我国的政体是人民代表大会制度·····················································································································································3(二)中央人民政府委员会在1953年2月通过并公布了选举法··············································································································································3(三)五十年代中期,宪法实施后的头3年,全国人大及其常委会基本上按期集会,根据宪法和法律的规定行使职权·················································································3(四)第三届第一次会议之后,由于特殊的历史原因,连续10年没有再召开会议················································································································································4(五)党的十一届三中全会以后,人民痛定思痛,深悟社会主义民主和法治的重要性············································································································································4二我国人民代表大会制度的主要内容··························································4(一)1979年7月,第五届全国人大第二次会议通过《关于修正中华人民共和国宪法若干规定的决议》·····································································································4(二)1979年,五届全国人大第二次会议在通过修宪决议的同时,通过了新的选举法········································································································································4(三)1982年,第五届全国人大第五次会议通过了现行宪法,同时通过了新的组织法··································································································································5(四)1995年修改后的选举法························································································6(五)我国的乡(含民族乡)、镇的人民代表大会从来不设常务委员会,人大的常务工作由本级人民政府承担·························································································6(六)2003年3月第十届全国人大第一次会议通过决定:全国人民代表大会设立民族委员会、法律委员会等9个专门委员会·························································································6三、我国人民代表大会制度的完善方案······················································7执政党与人大关系法制化·····································································································7人大选举直接化·····················································································································11人大任职专职化····················································································································14人大职权健全化·····················································································································17致谢······································································································································21【参考文献】·····················································································································21人民代表大会制度完善的几点思考【摘要】众所周知,人民代表大会制度是我国的根本制度,是建设社会主义民主政治的核心。在我国这个人民当家作主的自由国度里,坚持和完善人民代表大会制度,是建设社会主义民主政治的根本途径。但是,综观人民代表大会制度在我国运行这么多年的状况,我国的民主理念与较为落后的民主实践之间存在一定的差距。早在建国之初,众多党派人士和民主人士就针对我国的政治制度做出激烈的大讨论,有的人主张采用西方的“三权分立”模式,这在现行体制下是行不通的,不能达到发展我国民主政治的目的;还有的人不对人民代表大会制度进行认真地和探讨,就一味地强调人大制度是最完美的制度而进行僵化地坚持,这同样不能达到发展我国民主政治的目的。长期以来,我国在所有重大会议和重要中,都毫不例外地强调要“坚持和完善人民代表大会制度”,而真正的在于,我们反复强调“坚持”的多,而实实在在进行“完善”的少,或者说,所谓“完善”还一直只停留在口号上,尚未落实到行动中去。这就使得几十年来我国的人民代表大会制度建设没有取得实质性的进展,造成了先进的民主理念与落后的民主实践的巨大矛盾。因此,完善人民代表大会制度应贯穿于社会主义建设的全过程,需要我们自觉地把改革的目标于民主的目标统一起来,把改革的措施与民主的途径协调起来,“从制度上保证党和国家政治生活的民主化、经济管理的民主化、整个社会生活的民主化,从而促进社会主义的建设顺利发展。”综上所述,故我个人认为,要做到人民代表大会制度的完善,必须从以下几点出发:1.执政党与人大关系的法制化;2.人大选举的直接化和透明化;3.人大任职的专职化;4.人大职权健全化【关键词】人民代表的制度;民主政治;民主理念;民主实践:体制创新人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度。我们国家的一切权力属于人民。全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会是人民行使国家权力的机关。人民代表大会制度贯彻民主集中制:全国人大和地方各级人大都由民主选举产生,对人民负责,受人民监督。国家行政机关、审判机关、检察机关都由人民代表大会产生,对它负责,受它监督。人民代表大会制度产生于革命烽火之中,是人民自己创立起来的政治制度。经过六十二年的发展,它逐渐在我国的民主社会里生根、发芽。但是,近几年来,我国的经济迅猛发展,人民代表大会制度逐渐之后于我国的经济步伐。故而,完善和改革势在必行。一、发展历程人民代表大会制度可以追溯到1928年。1928年,毛泽东在《井冈山的斗争》中就讲到了江西苏区的代表会议。抗日战争时期在革命根据地召开的“三三制”的参议会,以及第三次国内革命战争时期在解放区召开的区、乡两级人民代表会议,都是人民代表大会制度的雏型。(一)1949年中华人民共和国成立,确定了我国的政体是人民代表大会制度。但由于当时军事行动尚未完全结束,土地制度的改革没有完成,人民还没有充分组织起来,因而不可能在全国范围内立即实行民主选举并在此基础上召开人民代表大会。在这样的条件下,在建国初期采取了过渡措施,即:在中央,以第一届中国人民政治协商会议全体会议代行全国人民代表大会的职权;在地方,召开地方各级人民代表会议逐步代行地方人民代表大会的职权。(二)后来,条件趋于成熟,中央人民政府委员会在1953年2月通过并公布了选举法。6月以后,我国的民主普选便在全国基层展开了。在此基础上,地方各级人民代表大会陆续召开,并各自产生了出席上一级人民代表大会的代表。1954年9月15日,第一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议在北京中南海隆重开幕。这次会议制定、颁布了新中国的第一部宪法。根据宪法,我国实行人民代表大会制度。从那个时候算起,我国的人民代表大会制度已经走过整整50年的路程了。50年的路程很不平凡。虽然有过挫折,但总的看来,是向前发展的。特别是从上世纪进入八十年代以来,人民代表大会制度一直处于不断完善的过程之中。(三)五十年代中期,宪法实施后的头3年,全国人大及其常委会基本上按期集会,根据宪法和法律的规定行使职权。地方各级人大的运作基本上也是正常的。但是1958年人民公社化使人民代表大会制度的发展受到影响。人民公社实行“政社合一”,全国乡的建制随之撤销,乡人民代表大会亦因而消失。所以人民公社体制的建立使人民代表大会制度在农村基层发生了改变。(四)至于全国人大在1964年举行了第三届第一次会议之后,由于特殊的历史原因,连续10年没有再召开会议。1975年1月,召开了四届人大,接着又间断3年,至1978年全国人大才恢复运行。与此同时,地方各级人民代表大会虽然在宪法上存在,但实际上陷于瘫痪状态。地方各级人大的执行机关人民委员会则在宪法上也不存在了,

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