汉语口语速成 入门篇第1课

汉语口语速成入门篇上第一课你好—语音1.声母InitialsbpmfdtnlgkhJqxzcszhchshr第一课你好—语音2.韵母Finalsaoeiuüaieiaoouanenangengongiaieiaoiou(iu)ianiniangingionguauouaiuei(ui)uanuen(un)uanguengüeüanüner第一课你好—语音汉语语音和四声(Chinesesyllablesandtones)pōcūsìbǎhèbàizǎomànxuānbiāohuárénshuōcuīliúyūnfēngtíngfǎng第一课你好—语音汉语音节和四声（Chinesesyllablesandtones）bābábǎbàfēiféifěifèi巴拔把爸飞肥匪费liūliúliǔliùsuīsuísuǐsuì溜刘柳六虽随髓岁mīmímǐmìtīngtíngtǐng咪弥米密听停挺第一课你好—生词1.你nǐyou2.好hǎowell;good你好níhaohowdoyoudonǐhǎoníhǎo3.您nínyou(politeexpression)4.你们nǐmen(neutraltone)you(plural)5.谢谢xièxie(neutraltone)tothank6.老师lǎoshīteacher第一课你好—生词7.不bùnot8.客气kèqipolite;courteous9.不客气búkèqidon’tmentionitbùkèqibúkèqibùtīngbùsuānbùgānbújìngbùxuébùtiánbùwénbúwènbùxiěbùkǔbùxǐbùbēibúsuànbúlàbújiànbúsàn第一课你好---生词10.对不起duìbuqǐIamsorry.11.没关系méiguānxidon’tmentionit.12.再见zàijiàngood-bye13.请qǐngplease14.进jìntoenter15.坐zuòtosit16.听tīngtolisten第一课你好—生词17.说shuōtosay18.读dútoread19.写xiětowrite第一课LessonOne你好语音注释PhoneticsExplanation声母和韵母Initialsandfinals汉语的音节绝大多数由声母和韵母组成。音节开头的辅音叫声母，其余部分叫韵母。AChinesesyllableisusuallycomposedofaninitialandafinal.Theformerisaconsonantthatbeginsthesyllableandtheletteristherestofthesyllable.声调Tones声调是音节的音高变化。汉语普通话有四个基本声调，分别为第一声(ā)、第二声(á)、第三声(ǎ)、第四声(à)。声调不同，意思不一样。Tonesarechangesofpitchofsyllables.InthestandardChinesetherearefourbasictones,representedrespectivelybythefollowingtone-graphs:thefirsttone(ā),thesecondtone(á),thethirdtone(ǎ)andthefourthtone(à).Whenasyllableispronouncedindifferenttones,ithasdifferentmeanings.轻声Neutraltone普通话里有一些音节在一定条件下失去原调，读得又轻又短，叫做轻声。轻声不标调号。例如：xièxie,búkèqi。InstandardChinesepronunciation,thereareanumberofsyllablesthatlosetheiroriginaltonesandarepronouncedsoftandshort.Thisisknownastheneutraltonewhichisidentifiedbytheabsenceofatonemark,e.g.“xièxie,búkèqi”.InitialsbpmfdtnlgkhjqxzcszhchshrFinalsaoeeri-i(zi)-i(zhi)uüaieiaoouanenangengongiaieiaoiou(iu)ianiniangingionguauouaiuei(ui)uanuen(un)uanguengüeüanün声母Initialsbpmfdtnl韵母Finalsaoeiuüer语音Phoneticsaoeiuübbabobibuppapopipummamomemimuffafofuddadediduttatetitunnaneninunüllalelilulü拼音Spelling辨声母InitialDiscriminationbā---pādè---tènǐ---lǐmō---fōbù---pùmá---fánǔ---lǔdú---túbǐ---pǐ辨韵母FinalDiscriminationmō---mēbǎ---bǒfó---fápì---pùtà---tèlǐ---lǚdà---dìmō---mūnǚ---nǔ辨调ToneDiscriminationbǐ---bìmō---mópà---pātǔ---tūnù---nǔlū---lùdé---děfū---fú读下列音节（第一声+一、二、三、四及轻声）Readoutthefollowingsyllables1st+1st:fāyīn发音fēijī飞机1st+2nd:huānyíng欢迎bāngmáng帮忙1st+3rd:gāngbǐ钢笔hēibǎn黑板1st+4th:gāoxìng高兴shēngdiào声调1st+theneutraltone:māma妈妈shāngliang商量生词NewWords你（代pronoun）nǐyou好（形adj.）hǎowell;good您（代pronoun）nínyou(polite)你们（代pronoun）nǐmenyou(plural)老师（名noun）lǎoshīteacher谢谢（动verb）xièxietothank不（副adv.）bùnot生词NewWords客气（形adj.）kèqipolite;courteous不客气búkèqiDon’tmentionit;You’rewelcome.对不起duìbuqǐIamsorry.没关系méiguānxiDon’tmentionit.再见（动verb）zàijiàngood-bye生词NewWords请（动verb）qǐngplease进（动verb）jìntoenter坐（动verb）zuòtosit听（动verb）tīngtolisten说（动verb）shuōtosay读（动verb）dútoread写（动verb）xiětowrite课文Text1.A:Nǐhǎo.nínnǐ你好。您你B:Nǐhǎo.Nǐmenlǎoshī你好。你们老师2.A:xièxie.谢谢。B:Búkèqi.不客气。课文Text3.A:Duìbuqǐ.对不起。B:Méiguānxi.没关系。4.A:Zàijiàn.再见。B:Zàijiàn.再见。课文Text5.Qǐngjìn.zuòtīngshuōdúxiě请进。坐听说读写注释Notes(1)你好。日常问候语。任何时间、任何场合以及任何身份的人都可以使用。对方的回答也应是“你好”。Itisacommongreeting.Itmaybeusedanywhere,atanytimeandbyanybody.Theanswertoitfromthepersonaddressedtoisalso“你好”.课文Text(2)您“您”是“你”的敬称。“您”isapoliteexpressionof“你”.