搜索
Loveandlogic:ThestoryofafallacyUnit1SectionA2applythereadingskill–skimming3writeanarrativeessay4practicethetranslationskill–freetranslation5developacriticalviewonlogicandfallaciesusethekeylanguagetotalkaboutlogicofdiscourse1ObjectivesSectionALoveandlogic:ThestoryofafallacyTextStudyLanguageAppreciationSummaryWarming-upActivitiesThefollowingaresomestatementstotestyourreasoningability.Tellwhethertheconclusionsaftertheword“Therefore”aretrue(T),false(F),oruncertain(U).Writeyouransweronthelinebeforeeachstatement.1.Alloddnumbersareintegers(整数).Allevennumbersareintegers.Therefore,alloddnumbersareevennumbers.2.Therearenodancersthataren’tslimandnosingersthataren’tdancers.Therefore,allsingersareslim.3.Atoothpick(牙签)isuseful.Usefulthingsarevaluable.Therefore,atoothpickisvaluable.4.Threepencilscostthesameastwoerasers.Foureraserscostthesameasoneruler.Therefore,pencilsaremoreexpensivethanrulers.5.ClassAhasahigherenrollmentthanClassB.ClassChasalowerenrollmentthanClassB.Therefore,ClassAhasalowerenrollmentthanClassC.FTTFFWarming-upActivities6.Afruitbasketcontainsmoreapplesthanlemons.Therearemorelemonsinthebasketthanoranges.Therefore,thebasketcontainsmoreapplesthanoranges.7.Takingthetrainacrosstownisquickerthantakingthebus.Takingthebusacrosstownisslowerthandrivingacar.Therefore,takingthetrainacrosstownisquickerthandrivingacar.8.AllthetulipsinZoe’sgardenarewhite.AlltherosesinZoe’sgardenareyellow.Therefore,alltheflowersinZoe’sgardenareeitherwhiteoryellow.TUUWarming-upActivitiesLead-in1.Whyisitimportanttodeveloplogicalreasoningskills?Reasoningskillsdealwiththeprocessofgettingfromaproblemtoasolutionoraconclusion.Byimprovingyourreasoningskills,youcanimproveyoursuccessindoingthings.Specifically,strongreasoningskillscanhelpyouto:•improvethequalityandvalidityofyourownarguments;•improveyourabilitytoassessthequalityandvalidityofothers’arguments;•makemorelogicaldecisions;•solveproblemsmoreefficientlyandeffectively.Lead-in2.Doyouthinkitispossibletodealwithlifeinacompletelyrationalandlogicalway?Whenitcomestomakingachoice,manypeopletendtouserationalandlogicalreasoning;Malesaremorerationalthanfemales;Rationalworldisnotnecessarilyawonderfulone;Rationalindividualscanmakechoicesthatarebadnewsforothers;Itisridiculoustodealwithloveinalogicalway.SectionALoveandlogic:ThestoryofafallacyTextStudyGlobalUnderstandingDetailedUnderstandingReadthewholepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.TextStudyTask1Globalunderstandingofthestructure1)Whattypeofpassageisit?Narration.2)Whatpartsareincludedinthistypeofpassage?Pleasefindoutthesepartsinthispassage.Apieceofnarrationshouldincludefivebasicelementsofplotstructure:exposition,risingaction,turningpoint,fallingactionandresolution.TextStudyTask1NarrativeelementsParas.MainideasExposition1-3Settingofthestory:ThenarratorandRobmakeadeal–theexchangeofaleatherjacketforPolly.Risingaction4-25TeachingPollylogictomakeherintelligentTurningpoint26PlanningonaskingPollytobehisgirlfriendFallingaction27-37Polly’srefutationofthenarrator’sargumentsaslogicalfallaciesResolution38-43Pollyrefusestobethenarrator’sgirlfriend.1.WhatdidthenarratordowithhisroommateRob?(Para.1)TipsTheymadeadealthatthenarratorgivesRobhisleatherjacket,andRob,inexchange,givesthenarratorhisgirlfriend.Readthetextagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.DetailedunderstandingofthetextTextStudyTask12.WhydoesthenarratorwanttohavePollyashisgirlfriend?(Paras.2-3)TipsPretty,well-off,radiant;Therightbackgroundtobethegirlfriendofadogged,brilliantlawyer;Helpthenarratorinhiscompetitionwithotherapplicantstosomeelitelawfirms.TextStudy3.WhenthenarratorandPollyhavetheirfirstdate,thenarratorsaysthatwhathehasgotinmindisalittleeccentric.Why?(Paras.4-5)TipsThenarratorfeelsthiswaybecausehecan’tstopthinkingthathispurposeofdatingPollyisnotforromancebutforimprovingherintelligence,andhecan’tletPollyknowhisplan.TextStudy4.WhydoesthenarratordecidetoteachPollylogic?(Para.7)TipsThenarratordecidestoteachPollylogicbecausehebelieveslogicisessentialtoclearthinking.ByteachingPollylogic,hecanmakeherintelligent.TextStudy5.WhatisDictoSimpliciter?Giveanexample.(Paras.9-11)TipsAnunqualified,toosimplegeneralization;Oneexample:Exerciseisgood,therefore,everybodyshoulddoexercise.TextStudy6.WhatisHastyGeneralization?Giveanexample.(Paras.12-15)TipsReachingahastyconclusionwithoutsufficientevidence;Oneexample:Youcan’tspeakFrench.Robcan’tspeakFrench.LookslikenobodyatthisschoolcanspeakFrench.TextStudy7.WhatisAdMisericordiam?Giveanexample.(Paras.16-21)TipsAppealingtoone’ssympathyinsteadofansweringthequestiondirectly;Oneexample:Amanappliesforajob.Whenthebossaskshimwhathisqualificationsare,hesayshehassixchildrentofeed.TextStudy8.WhatisFalseAnalogy?Giveanexample.(Paras.22-25)TipsWronginference;makingananalogybetweentwosituationsthatarealtogetherdifferent;Oneexample:Studentsshouldbeallowedtolookattheirtextbooksduringexams,becausesurgeonshaveX-raystoguidethemduringsurgery.TextStudy9.IsthenarratorsuccessfulinteachingPollylogic?Howdoyouknow?(26-37)TipsYes.HeisonlytoosuccessfulinteachingPollylogicbecauseintheendwhenheasksPol