03 异化与归化

VenutiDomesticationanethnocentricreductionoftheforeigntexttotarget-languageculturalvaluesbringtheauthorbackhome面对充满希望，充满挑战的新征程，沈航人正在尽情抒写自己的蓝天梦想，正在用智慧和汗水浇灌着希望的种子。“德能并进，勇毅翔远”。Conceivedintheskydreamanddedicatedtotheliberaleducationofcompetentgraduates,weareenteringanewcenturyofopportunitiesandchallenges.VenutiForeignizationanethnodeviantpressureonthose(cultural)valuestoregisterthelinguisticandculturaldifferenceoftheforeigntextsendingthereaderabroad全党必须坚定不移地高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，带领人民从新的历史起点出发，抓住和用好重要战略机遇期，求真务实，锐意进取，继续全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化，完成时代赋予的崇高使命。ThewholePartymustunswervinglyholdhighthegreatbannerofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandleadthepeopleinstartingfromthisnewhistoricalpoint,graspingandmakingthemostoftheimportantperiodofstrategicopportunities,stayingrealisticandpragmatic,forgingaheadwithdetermination,continuingtobuildamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsandacceleratesocialistmodernization,andaccomplishingtheloftymissionbestowedbythetimes.VenutiDomesticationdesignatesthetypeoftranslationinwhichatransparent,fluentstyleisadoptedtominimizethestrangenessoftheforeigntextfortargetlanguagereaders.fluencyfreetranslation(sense-for-sense)toreplacethesourceculturewiththetargetcultureForeignizationmeansatargettextisproducedwhichdeliberatelybreakstargetconventionsbyretainingsomethingoftheforeignnessoftheoriginal.accuracyliteraltranslation(word-for-word)preservingthedifferencesofthesourcecultureForeignization三个代表ThreeRepresentsCPCmustrepresentthedevelopmenttrendofChina’smostadvancedproductiveforces;CPCmustrepresenttheorientationofChina’smostadvancedculture;CPCmustrepresentthefundamentalinterestsoftheoverwhelmingmajorityoftheChinesepeople.thecallthattheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)providesinsightandleadershipforeconomicandculturalprogress,andcommititselftopublicgood.Domestication-NidaNida’sFormalandFunctionalEquivalencesthereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletocomprehendittothepointthattheycanconceiveofhowtheoriginalreadersofthetextmusthaveunderstoodandappreciateditthereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletounderstandandappreciateitinessentiallythesamemannerastheoriginalreadersdidTranslationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.completenaturalnessofexpressiondonotletyourlefthandknowwhatyourrighthandisdoingdoitinsuchawaythatevenyourclosestfriendwillnotknowaboutitDomestication-NidaNida’sFormalandFunctionalEquivalencesthetranslationofaChristiantextwiththegoalofconvertingnon-ChristianstoadifferentspiritualviewpointagoodunderstandingandoperativefunctionforthereceptorsofthetargetlanguagePeterNewmarkNida’sfunctionalequivalencehasdonetoomuchforthereadersbyrenderingeverythingsoplain,soeasy.FollowingNida’sTranslatingiscommunicatingwithitsemphasisonareadable,understandabletext.OnenoticesinevitablyagreatlossofmeaninginthedroppingofsomanyBiblicalmetaphorswhich,Nidainsists,thereadercannotunderstand.Foreignization-VenutiResistanceagainsttheAnglo-AmericanCultureForeignizationproduces“somethingthatcannotbeconfusedwitheitherthesource-languagetextoratextwrittenoriginallyinthetargetlanguage.”anon-fluent/estrangingtranslationstyledesignedtomakevisiblethepresenceofthetranslatorbyhighlightingtheforeignidentityoftheSTandprotectingitfromtheideologicaldominanceofthetargetcultureForeignization-Venuti加强党员、干部理想信念教育和思想道德建设，使广大党员、干部成为实践社会主义核心价值体系的模范，做共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义共同理想的坚定信仰者、科学发展观的忠实执行者、社会主义荣辱观的自觉实践者、社会和谐的积极促进者。WemuststepupeducationforPartymembersandcadrestocherishtheParty’sidealsandbeliefsandupholdhighideologicalandmoralstandards,sothattheywillsetanexampleinputtingintopracticethesocialistcorevalues,firmlybelieveintheloftyidealofcommunismandthecommonidealofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,faithfullyapplytheScientificOutlookonDevelopment,conscientiouslyfollowthesocialistmaximsofhonoranddisgrace,andactivelypromotesocialharmony.InChinaForeignizationwillbethepreferredstrategyofliterarytranslationinChinainthe21stcentury.Theessentialpurposeoftranslationistocommunicate,toleadreaderstoagoodunderstandingofthesourcetext.Aheavilyforeignizedtranslationmaybetooforeignforreaderstoidentifywith,letalonetoappreciate.Withthepassageoftime,foreignizationalwaysgiveswaytodomestication.ForeignizationshouldbeusedinEnglish-Chinesetranslationwithdomesticationassupplement,whileinChinese-Englishtranslation,domesticationshouldbeusedasmuchaspossible.ThereasonisthatanenormousgroupofChinesereadersareeagertoaccepttheforeignelementsknownoftheforeignculturefarmorethanforeignreadersdoabouttheChineseculture.ForeignizationVS.Domestication班门弄斧Toshowoffone’sproficiencywithanaxebeforeLuBan,themaster刻骨铭心Tobeengravedonone’sheartandbones江湖好汉Agoodfellowoftheriversandlakes集腋成裘Manydropsmakeanocean.管鲍之交DavidandJonathan雨后春笋LikemushroomLikebambooshootsafteraspringshower猫哭老鼠ToshedcrocodiletearThecatweepsoverthemouse.FreeTranslation粗枝大叶WithbigbranchesandlargeleavesTobecrude(andcareless)/sketchy一五一十indetail杞人忧天Unnecessaryanxiet