英语语法入门崔荣容第一讲语序和五种基本句式HelearnsEnglisheveryday.他每天学习英语。(中英语序不同)英语五种基本句式一、主+谓二、主+系+表系动词:起到联系作用的动词,连接主语与表语。表语:描述主语的身份、性质、特征、状态三、主+谓+宾主语:动作发出者谓语:作出的动作宾语:动作的对象四、主+谓+间宾+直宾间宾:通常是人直宾:通常是物五、主+谓+宾+宾补宾补:对宾语的补充说明一、主+谓Theuniverseremains.宇宙长存中英文语序一致二、主+系+表Thefoodisdelicious.这个食物很好吃中英文语序一致三、主+谓+宾Hetookhisbagandleft.(left是第二个谓语)他拿着他的包离开了中英文语序一致四、主+谓+间宾+直宾Herfatherboughtheradictionary.buysbsth(双宾语)她爸爸给她买了一本词典(her与adictionary,两个宾语,一个是人、一个是物)中英文语序一致五、主+谓+宾+宾补Wemadehimourmonitor.我们选他当班长(him与ourmonitor,都是指同一个人,ourmonitor是对him的补充说明)中英文语序一致Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart!有志者事竟成!第二讲be动词的形式和用法一、be动词的形式:be、am、is、are、was、were、being、been1、Themanisback.2、Theyareback.3、Hewasback.4、Theywereback.5、Theyhavebeenback.6、I’llbeback.上述“back”是副词,构成主系表结构。二、be动词的用法:起到联系前后的作用(一般翻译为“是”,或无实意而不作翻译),多用于主系表结构。后面接名词、形容词、地点副词或短语作补足语成分。1、Themanisateacher.ateacher是名词2、Mary’snewdressesarecolorful.colorful是形容词3、Mymotherwasinthekitchen.inthekitchen是地点副词。4、Iam20.数词也可做表语5、It’sme.代词也可做表语三、be动词的练习1、他们是老师Theyareteachers.2、他曾是一名老师Hewasateacherbefore.3、他已经当了3年的老师Hehasbeenateacherfor3years.第三讲be动词的否定/提问/回答一、be动词的否定在am、is、are、was、were后面加not缩略式amnot,isn’t,aren’t,wasn’t,weren’t1、Themanisn’tback.2、Iamnotback.3、Theyaren’tback.4、Hewasn’tback.5、Theyweren’tback.二、使用be动词提问和回答Isheateacher?Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.Areyouateacher?Yes,Iam./No,Iamnot.Weretheyteachers?Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.三、be动词的练习:1、他是医生吗?Isheadoctor?不,他不是No,heisn’t.2、他们昨天在教室吗?Weretheyintheclassroomyesterday?Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.3、他们昨天不在教室Theyweren’tintheclassroomyesterday.第四讲代词的主格和宾格主格代词:Ihesheityouwethey1、Iamateacher.2、Heisateacher.3、Youareteachers.宾格代词:mehimherityouusthem1、Helikesme.2、Welikeher.3、Ilikethem.练习1、我喜欢它Ilikeit.2、他们认识他Theyknowhim.第五讲名词性/形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词:(后接名词)单数形式:myyourhis/her/itsone’s复数形式:ouryourtheir1、Thisismybook.2、Weloveourmotherland.3、Thoseareyoursocks.名词性物主代词:单数形式:mineyourshis/hers/itsone’s复数形式:oursyourstheirs1、Thebookisours.2、Theappleishers.练习1、我的老师是中国人MyteacherisChinese.2、这个电脑是他们的Thiscomputeristheirs.3、我们的书在书架上第六讲反身代词单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves反身代词的用法:(指某人自己,通常是主语的“自己”)1、Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.请随便吃些鱼吧yourself在动词help后作宾语;2、Weenjoyedourselveslast;ourselves在动词enjoyed后作宾语;3、Thethingitselfisnotimp;反身代词itself在名词Thething后作同;练习;1、Takegoodcareof(yoursel;2、Shegainedcontrolof(her;第七讲实意动词的yourself在动词help后作宾语。2、Weenjoyedourselveslastnight.我们昨晚玩得很开心ourselves在动词enjoyed后作宾语。3、Thethingitselfisnotimportant.这件事本身不重要反身代词itself在名词Thething后作同位语,起到解释、说明名词的作用。练习1、Takegoodcareof(yourself)照顾好??2、Shegainedcontrolof(herself)控制住了??第七讲实意动词的特征实意动词comegoreadwatchplayfly1、HecomesfromShenyang.实意动词comes作谓语,后接介词短语fromShenyang作宾语动词come有一般现在时“单三”的变化2、Sheisreadingstorybooks.实意动词reading作谓语,后接动词storybooks作宾语动词read有现在进行时的变化3、TheywenttoAmericayesterday.动词go有一般过去时“went”的变化4、Wehavewatchedthegameforthreetimes.动词watch有现在完成时“watched”的变化现在完成时:动作已经发生或对现在造成影响5、MymotherwillflybacktoChinanextmonth.一般将来时:will+动词原形总结:实意动词有时态与数量(三单)上的变化练习:1、他昨天来上海了HecametoShangHaiyesterday.2、我们正在写作业Wearewritinghomework.3、他们读这本书已经读3遍了Theyhavereadthisbookthreetimes.第八讲实意动词的否定/提问/回答(一般现在时与一般过去时)使用助动词进行否定在助动词dodoesdid后面加notdonot/don’tdoesnot/doesn’tdidnot/didn’t例句:1.Idon’tgotoschoolbybus.2.Shedoesn’twatchTVeveryday.3.Theydidn’tswimlastnight.使用助动词进行提问1.Heoftenplaysgolf.Doesheoftenplaygolf?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.2.Theygotoschoolbybus.Dotheygotoschoolbybus?Yestheydo./No,theydon’t.3.Samhadbreakfastyesterday.DidSamhavebreakfastyesterday?Yes,hedid./No,hedidn’t.练习:1.他每天都学英语吗?DoeshelearnEnglisheveryday?是的,他每天都学英语Yes,hedoes.2.Tom昨天没吃早饭Tomdidn’thavebreakfastyesterday.第九讲使用疑问词进行提问和回答(1)(一般现在时与一般过去时)使用疑问词进行提问when,where,who,what,how时间、地点、人物、干什么、怎样例句Heboughtthreebooksyesterday.1231.Whoboughtthreebooksyesterday?对主语提问,原语序不变2.Whatdidhebuyyesterday?对宾语提问时,将助动词提前,并还原动词。3.Whendidhebuythreebooks?对状语提问时,将助动词提前,并还原动词。TheywantedtogotoShangHaibyair.1231.WhowantedtogotoShangHaibyair?2.Wheredidtheywanttogobyair?3.HowdidtheywanttogotoShangHai?第十讲使用疑问词进行提问和回答(2)使用疑问词进行提问howlong,howfar,howoften,why多长时间,多远,多长时间一次,为什么1.TheyhavebeeninChinaforthreeyears.HowlonghavetheybeeninChina?对时间状语提问2.Itisabout4000kilometersfromBeijingtoXi’an.HowfarisitfromBeijingtoXi’an?3.Theycometovisitmeonceaweek.Howoftendotheycometovisitme?4.Shecamelate,becauseshemissedthebus.Whydidshecomelate?练习:1.他们学汉语多长时间了?HowlonghavetheylearnedChinese?2.你多长时间看一次电影?Howoftendoyouwatchmovies?3.你的家离学校多远?Howfarisitfromyourhousetoyourschool?第十一讲名词代表事物的词,包括具体和抽象的事物名词分两类:1.可数名词:是指数得过来的概念。如apple\pencil\student可数名词有单数和复数之分apple-applespencil-pencilstomato-tomatoes2.不可数名词:无法计算的数量或抽象概念。如salt\coffee\water\(history\love抽象)不可数名词无复数,只用单数表示salt-saltcoffee-coffeewater-water3.可数名词变复数规则:(1)一般末尾加后缀-s,friend-friends(2)以s\z\x\ch\sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加后缀-es,bus-buses(3)辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加es,candy-candies(除aeiou以外的字母为辅音字母)(4)以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es.tomato-tomatoes,hippo-hippos缩写(从非英语国家引进的词汇为外来词,如madam是从法国引进的外来词)3、可数名词前可加a(an)或量词,有复数变化以元音开头的名词前加an,以辅音开头的名词前加a,表示一个。apple——anapple——apples——aboxofapples量词Tomato——atomato——tomatoes——abagoftomatoes量词4、不可数名词前不可加a(an),没有复数,但前面可以加量词。Coffee——acupofcoffee练习:Heboughtme(ab