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高一英语同步练习：必修3Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars第3课时Grammar基础练习一.语法知识：主语从句：做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有从属连词that,whether，连接代词who,what,which，连接副词when,where,how,why等。1..连接词：1）从属连词：that，whether等.that引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。Thatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.Thathewillcomeiscertain由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.Whethershe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.2)连接代词who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoeverWhatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.3)连接副词when，where，how，why等。Whyhediditremainsamystery.Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet.Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.2.位置：主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，常用下面几种句型。1）It+be+表语+主语从句表语：（名词,形容词,过去分词）Itisapitythatwecan’tgo.Itisnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.ItisanhonourthatIwasinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.ItistruethatItoldhereverything.ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.ItisreportedthatChinahassentanothermanmadeearthsatelliteintoorbit.2）It+不及物动词或短语+主语从句Itseemed(happened,doesn’tmatter,hasturnedout)that…Ithappensthattheywereabsent.ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.3)It+及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.注意:1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。误：Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.正：Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.正：Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.误：IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.正：ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.Ⅱ．从文章中找出以下主语从句并试着分析：1).Whatitwastobecomewasamysteryuntilthedustbegantoslowlycombineintoaballmovingaroundthesun.2).…becauseitwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.3).Whatscientiststhinkisthattheearthwasdifferentbecauseof…4).Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependon…实战演练一．用正确的连接词完成下列句子：1._____theuniverseislikehasattractedStephenHawkingallhislife.2._____isclearandsimpleabouttheuniversehasalwaysseemedtoodifficultforustoanswer.3._____theuniverseexiststhewayitdoesisamajorquestiontoallthosewhohavelookedatstarslikeHawking.4._____hasdevelopedovertwothousandyearsofobservationhastobegreatlyrevised.5._____intheuniverseweliveisnotthecentre,butoneofthenineplanetsorbitingthesun,whichisjustoneofmillionsofstarsinourownMilkyWaygalaxy.6.______weunderstandtheuniverseisthetimewhenwehumanbeingswillhaveansweredallthequestions.7.______wecanhaveacompletepictureoftheuniversedependsonlearningtounderstandwhatwesee.8.______Hawkingwantstotellusinthistextisthatweshouldstudytheuniverse,andunderstandit.二．单项填空：1.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter_______thatI'mtalkingto.A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom2.Itisprettywellunderstood___controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how3._____madetheschoolproudwas______morethan90％ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because4.______wewillgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where5._______thattheycanpassthewrittenexamthistime.A.ThatishopedB.ItishopedC.IthopesD.Thathopes6.It____Tomdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat7.______wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what8.ThelawyerrarelywearsanythingotherthanjeansandaT-shirt______theseason.A.whateverB.whereverC.wheneverD.however9._____isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGamestookplaceinBeijing.A.ItBWhatC.AsD.Which10.______wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamilyA.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As反馈检测高考试题从句集锦：1.______wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who2.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate_____theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who3.Allpeople,__theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.A.evenifB.whetherC.nomatterD.however4.Ithasbeenproved___eatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessesinlaterlife.A.ifB.becauseC.whenD.that5._____________youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.This6._____________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who7.Itworriedherabit_____________herhairwasturninggrey.A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for8._____________youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether9._____________hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter10._____hesaid_____tohurtyou.A.That;didn’tmeanB.Which;meantC.What;didn’tmeanD.As;meant11._____________isafactthatEnglishisacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It12.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_____________sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho13.___________causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where14.___________hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever15._____________sh