英语五种简单句

专题：句子成分与五种简单句•什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。•现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)和补语（complement）。主语1.主语是一个句子的主题，也是句子的主体，表示句子主要说明的人或事物。2.它的位置一般在句首。3.一般由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词、短语或句子等充当。Themeetingwillbeginat9:00.(名词)WestudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.(代词)Smokingisbadforyou.(动名词)谓语1.谓语是说明主语的动作或状态。一般放在主语之后。2.谓语一般是由动词或连系动词+表语担当。3.谓语必须和主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。Weworkhard.(动词）Mikelikeshisnewbook.(动词）Hisparentsfeelhappy.(连系动词+表语)Sheisreading.(动词）表语1.表语是表述主语的特征、状态或身份等。2.表语位于连系动词之后，二者构成系表结构，即合成谓语3.表语由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词、短语或句子等充当。•Herbrotherisadriver.(名词)•Ittastesdelicious?(形容词)•Wewereathomelastnight.(介词短语)•Thisbookismine,notyours.(代词)•Thefilmisexciting.(现在分词)宾语1.宾语表示动作、行为的对象。2.只有及物动词可带宾语，有些不及物动词加上介词或副词也可带宾语。3.由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子担当。•Heoftenhelpsme.(代词)•WestudyEnglishatschool.(名词)•Ifyouadd5to5,youget10.(数词)•Remembertobuysomestamps.(动词不定式)•Helikesmakingyoulaugh.(动名词)•Hesaid,Youarewrong.(句子)•DoyouunderstandwhatImean?(从句)宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。1.名词/代词宾格+名词：Thewarmadehimasoldier.2.名词/代词宾格+形容词：Pleasekeeptheroomclean.3.名词/代词宾格+介词短语：Ioftenfindhimatwork.4.名词/代词宾格+动词不定式：Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.5.名词/代词宾格+分词：Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。用作状语的通常是副词。1）副词（短语）作状语：Theboyneedsapenverymuch.（程度状语）Theboy,now,needsapen.（时间状语）2）介词短语作状语：Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.（地点状语）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy.(条件状语)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.(时间和地点状语)3）不定式作状语：Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.（目的状语）4）名词作状语：Comethisway!（方向状语）定语1.定语是用来修饰名词;代词或句子的成分．2.定语有前置定语,后置定语．3.充当定语的词有：形容词;名词;代词;数词;名词所有格......方位副词;不定式;动词的－ing形式;过去分词;从句等．例如：Tomisahandsomeboy.(形容词作定语)HisnameisTom.(代词作定语)TheboyinblueisTom.(介词短语作定语)Thereisnothingtodotoday(不定式作定语)一：Ｓ+Ｖi（主＋谓）二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋谓/系＋表）三：Ｓ+Ｖt+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）四:Ｓ+Ｖt+IO+DＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五:Ｓ+Ｖt+Ｏ+OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）*Therebe+S五种基本句型：Iwalkinthestreet.1.S+Vi(主+谓)Thedogloveshim.2.S+Vt+O(主+谓+宾)Iamhandsome.我帅呆了3.S+V+P(主+系+表)4.S+Vt+IO+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)Myfriendsentmeaboxofchocolates.5.S+Vt+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)Thepaintingmakesuslaugh.6.There+be+主语（+状语）Therearetwolovelycatsinthebaskets.•1.Plantsneedwater.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)•2.Theflowerissofresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)•3.Theyworkhard.S+V(主+谓)•4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)•5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)•6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.S+V(主+谓)Review:•1.Plantsneedwater.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)•2.Theflowerissofresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)•3.Theyworkhard.S+V(主+谓)•4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+直宾+间宾)•5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)•6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.S+V(主+谓)•句子成分练习题(一)•(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词•①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.•②Thereisanoldmancominghere.•③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.•④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.•(二)选出句中谓语的中心词•①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.•A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall•②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.•A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer•③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?•A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus•④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.•A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon•⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?•A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast•(三)挑出下列句中的宾语•①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.•②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.•③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.•④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?•⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?•⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.•⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.•⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.•⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.•⑩Theydidn'tknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.•(四)挑出下列句中的表语•①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.•②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?•③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.•④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.•⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.•(五)挑出下列句中的定语•①TheyuseMr./Mrs.withthefamilyname.•②Whatisyourgivenname?•③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.•④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.•⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.•⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!•(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语•①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.•②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.•③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.•④TheycallmeLilysometimes.•⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.•⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?•(七)挑出下列句中的状语•①Therewasabigsmileonherface.•②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.•③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.•④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.•⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.•⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.•⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.•⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.•(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语•①Pleasetellusastory.•②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.•③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.•④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.•⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?插入语：插在句子中的一个词，短语或从句，通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开，它与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系，是独立成分。1.通常是对一句话的一些附加解释，说明或总结有时表示说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子与前面的语句衔接的更紧密一些。2.形容词或形容词短语，副词或副词短语，介词短语，分词短语，动词不定式,代词词组,句子可以做插入