倒装句

倒装句讲解英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语序叫做倒装语序。倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装（fullinversion）；而只将be、情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装（partialinversion）。一、完全倒装1.Therebe结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。如:Therestoodadogbeforehim.Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.巩固练习:1)________abeautifulpalace________thefootofthehill.A.Therestand;atB.Therestands;underC.Standsthere;underD.Therestands;at2(1).在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。“Here,There,Now,Then+come(或be,go,lie,run)+主语结构。Herecomestheoldlady!Therecomesthebus.Nowcomesyourturn.★如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:Hereyouare.Thereshecomes.(2).表示方向的副词out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:IncameMr.White.Upwentthearrowintotheair.Awaywenttheboy.2)There________.Andhere________.A.goesthephone;shecomesB.isthephonegoing;issheC.doesthephonego;doesshecomeD.thephonegoes;comeshe3)Out________,withastickinhishand.A.didherushB.rushedheC.herushedD.hedidrush4)________fromthetopofthebuildingwhenthepolicemanpointedthegunathim.A.JumpeddowntherobberB.JumpedtherobberdownC.DownjumpedtherobberD.Downtherobberjumped(3).当表示地点的介词词组(如onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse,inthemiddleoftheroom等)在句首时。Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.Thesoldiersrantothebuilding,onthetopofwhichflewaflag.Eastofthelakelietwotowns.Underthetreewaslyingawoundedsoldier.5)Nearthechurch________cottage.A.wassuchanoldB.hadasooldC.wassucholdaD.issoanold3.分词(代词)+be+主语结构。如:Walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher.Suchwasthestoryhetoldme.6)________,amanofachievements,deepthoughts,butwithsimplehabits.A.EinsteinwassuchB.SuchwasEinsteinC.EinsteinwassoD.SowasEinstein7)________arethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon.A.GoneB.GoC.TogoD.Going二、部分倒装只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装1.句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,little,few,seldom(很少，不常）,rarely（很少，罕有）,hardly,scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）,nosooner（立即）,notonly,innoway（决不）,atnotime,not,no等,如:NotaworddidIsaytohim.NeverhaveIfoundhimsohappy.LittledoeshecareaboutwhatIsaid.Ican'tswim.Neithercanhe.Nosoonerhadhegonetobedthanhefellasleep.巩固练习:1)Hardly____theairportwhentheplanetookoff.A.IhadarrivedatB.hadIarrivedC.hadIreachedD.Ihadgotto2)—Haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore?—No,_____anythinglikethatbefore.A.IneverhaveseenB.neverIhaveseenC.neverhaveIseenD.Ihaveseen3)Sheisnotfondofcooking,____I.A.soamB.noramC.neitherD.nordo2.only+状语放在句首,要部分倒装。如:Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.(介词短语)OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofmath.(副词)Onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogethappilybacktowork.(从句)4)Onlyinthisway____makeprogressinyourEnglish.A.youB.canyouC.youbeabletoD.willyouableto5)Onlywhenthemeetingwasover___gobacktomeethisfriend.A.hecouldB.hewasabletoC.washeabletoD.wasabletohe3.so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。如:Isawthefilm,sodidshe.Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.6)ThedoctortoldCharlietobreathedeeplyand____.A.sodidCharlieB.CharliedidsoC.CharliedoessoD.didCharlieso7)Soloudly_____that____hearherclearly.A.didshespeak;couldeveryoneB.didshespeak;everyonecouldC.shespoke;couldeveryoneD.shespoke;everyonecould4.Notonly+分句,butalso+分句句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。如:NotonlydoesJohnloveChinese,heisalsogoodatspeakingit.但notonly...butalso...连接主语时,不倒装。如:Notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenaresick.8)___himselfwrong,buthisfriendswerewrong.A.NotwasonlyheB.NotonlyheC.NotonlywasheD.Notonlywas5.Notuntil放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。如:Notuntillastweekdidtheyfindthelostbike.(简单句)Notuntilmysonhadenteredtheuniversitydidherealizetheimportanceoftime.(复合句)9)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___knowwhatheatis.A.mandidB.manC.didn'tmanD.didman10)NotuntilIbegantowork____realizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn'tIB.didIC.Ididn'tD.I6.在以often,well,manyatime,nowandagain等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:ManyatimehasJohngivenmegoodadvice.Oftenhavewemadethattest.12)Manyatime________swimmingalone.A.theboywentB.wenttheboyC.didtheboygoD.didgotheboy7.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!巧记倒装句在带有倒装句的复合句（或并列句）中，到底应在何处倒装，不少初学者觉得难以掌握。下面的顺口溜可以帮助你较容易地掌握其结构形式。NB前倒后不①，O，NU主倒从不倒②，2N前倒后也倒③，NM前后均不倒④。①NB代表Notonly…，butalso…引导的并列句。notonly位于句首时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不倒”。如：1）Notonlydidhecome，butalsohewasveryhappy．2）Notonlywaseverythingthathehadtakenawayfromhim，butalsohisGermancitizenship（wastakenaway）．②O代表only＋状语从句；NU代表Notuntil＋状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。如：1）OnlywhenhetoldmedidIknowit．2）NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted．Nosooner…than…，Hardly／Scarcely…when…等句型也属此类用法。如：Nosooner（Hardly）hadwereachedhomethan（when）itbegantorain．③2N代表Neither…nor…所引导的并列句。2N若位于两分句之首，则前后分句均倒装。即“前倒后也倒”。如：NeitherdoIknowhername，nordoeshe.④NM即Nomatter…引导的状语从句。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即“前后均不倒”。如：Nomatterhowbusyheis，healwayscomestohelpus．Pratice1.---“Look!Here____.”---“Oh,thankGod.Here____.”A.theteachercomes;hecomesB.comestheteacher;comesheC.doestheteachercome;doeshecomeD.comestheteacher;hecomes2.Wewaitedandwaited.____wehadbeenlookingforwardto.A.ThencamethemomentB.ThendidthemomentcomeC.ThemomentthencameD.Thenwascomingthemoment3.____canyouexpecttogetapayrise.A．WithhardworkB．AlthoughworkhardC．OnlywithhardworkD．Nowthathewo