空中领航学(E-04)

1AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院飞行学院北京航空航天大学AirNavigation课件制作课程讲授王惠民2AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院IntroductiontoComputersThereareseveraltypesofnavigation(orflight)computersavailableforusebythegeneral-aviationpilot,andtheyallprovideaneasyandaccuratemeanstocarryoutthenecessarynavigationcomputations.3AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院TherearecircularcomputersliketheJeppesenCRseries.Thesesarecompact,theyfiteasilyintoashirtpocketandarethepreferredequipmentofmanyairlinepilots.4AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院Thecomputerhastwosides(orfaces):•acalculatorsideusedforarithmeticcalculations;and•awindsideusedtosolvetriangle-of-velocitiesproblems.5AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院AIRNAVAIRNAVAcalculatorsideCalculatorSide6AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院AIRNAVAIRNAVAcalculatorsideCalculatorSide7AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院AIRNAVAIRNAVAcalculatorsideCalculatorSide8AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院CalculatorSideFindingTrueAirspeedfromIndicatedAirspeedCalculatingTrueAirspeedFindingIASforaGivenTAS9AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院CircularSlideRuleToavoidtheneedforpilotstocarrylongstraightsliderules,acircularsliderulehasbeencleverlydevised.Itisveryfast,neverhasflatbatteriesandisaccurateenoughforourpurposesaswellassmallenoughtofitintoaflightcase.10AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院Acircularsliderulehastwoscales:theinnerrotaryscale;andtheouterfixedscale.11AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院Whenusingthesliderulefacilityofthecomputer,itisgoodpracticealwaystofollowtheprocedure:roughmentalcheck;andsliderulemanipulationtoobtainthreesignificantfigures;andlastlyplacethedecimalpoint(determinedbytheroughcheck).12AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院Acompetent,self-disciplinedpilotwillmakementalchecksallthetime.13AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院CalculationontheCircularSlideRuleBasicArithmeticalProblemsMultiplicationDivisionCombinedMultiplicationandDivisionADifferentWayofExpressingaSimilarProblemsBasicArithmeticalProblemsBasicArithmeticalProblems14AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院SolvingSpeed,Distance,TimeandRatioProblemsFuelConsumptionProblemsTimeisalwaysontheinnerscaleanddistanceandspeedontheouterscale.Timeisalwaysontheinnerscaleandfuelburn-offandfuelconsumptionrateontheouterscale.Off-trackProblems15AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院ConversionsontheComputerTemperatureFahrenheitCelsiusConversionsBetweenNauticalMiles,StatuteMilesandKilometers1nm=1.15sm=1,852mDistanceFeetMetres16AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院WeightsandVolumesConversionsBetweenKilogramsandPounds1kg=2.2lbConversionsBetweenUSGallons,ImperialGallonsandLitres1USG=0.8Imperialgallons=4L17AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院ConvertingVolumestoWeight1USGofAVGASweighs2.69kg.OtherMeansofMakingConversionsYoushouldbeawarethatAIPGENandERSAGENhavetablesthatallowyoutomakeconversionsbetweenvariousunitsofmeasurement,aswellasalistofmostoftheconversionfactorsthatyouarelikelytoneed.Theconversionfactorscanbeusedwithyourcircularslideruleorwithanypocketcalculator.18AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院AIRNAVAIRNAVAwindsideWindSide19AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院AIRNAVAIRNAVAwindsideWindSide20AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院TheTriangleofVelocitiesThewindalwaysblowstheaeroplanefromitsheadingtoitstrack.Inotherwords,thewindvectormuststartattheHDG/TASvectorandendattheTR/GSvector.21AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院DriftandWindCorrectionAngleAusefulruletorememberwhendescribingdriftdirectionis:Trackleftofheading,driftleft.Trackrightofheading,driftright.Tocounteracttheeffectofthewindandthusensurethatweflyalongaplannedtrack,weneedtosteerouraeroplaneintothewindbyanamountequaltothenumberofdegreesofdriftweexpect.Theamountthatwesteerintothewindtooffsetthedriftiscalledthewindcorrectionangle(WCA).22AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院Driftandwindcorrectionangle(WCA)23AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院ComponentsoftheTriangleofVelocitiesInthetriangleofvelocities,therearesixcomponentsderivedfromthemagnitudeandthedirectionofeachofthethreevectors:Typicalsituationsinvolveknowingfourofthesesixcomponentsandfindingtheothertwo.24AirNavigationChapter4ComputationsChapter4Computations空中领航学北京航空航天大学飞行学院TheNormalFlightPlanningSituationDeterminingtheheadingandgroundspeedofaplannedtrack.??KnownK