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TheHappyManUnit1TextAnalysis•ThisarticleisthelastchapterofhisfamousbookTheConquestofHappiniss,Russellstatesthathappinessdependspartlyuponexternalcircumstancesandpartlyupononeself,whichshowshiswell-balancedaswellasrealisticviewonhappiness.•Para1:Afterhavingbrieflystressedtheimportanceofexternalthings,Russellshiftsthefocusofhisargumenttothesignificanceofthespiritualelementandpointsoutclearlythatthegreatestobstacleinpeople’swaytohappinessistheirexcessiveself-absorption.•Hediscussesindetailoneofthoseself-centeredpassions--fear.•Para2-3:effortsaremadetomaketheauthor’smainargumentmoresubstantial.•Theauthorpointsoutthedrawbacktoself-centeredpassionsanddescribesthehappyman.•Itfollowsthatonlyonethingislefttobedealtwith,thatis,howtogetridoftheself-centeredpassionsandbecomeahappyman.•Para4-5:Russelloffershisfirstsolution:tocultivategenuineinterestsandintroducesindetailthespicificremediesforsuchself-centeredpassionsasthesenseofsin,self-pityandfear.•Thefifthparagraphreemphasizestheimportanceofone’sgenuineinterests.•Para6-7:Thelattwoparagraphsarerelativelymorecomplicated,fortheauthorsetsthetraditionalmoralistsasthetargetofhiscriticism.Hepointsoutthatself-denialwhichismuchadvocatedbyprofessionalmoralistsisalsoakindofself-centeredpassions.•Russelldoesnotrejectthethingsthemoralistssuggest,butlayshisemphasisonthestateofmindwhenpeoplearedoingsuchthings.Thatistosay,ifpeopledonotdogoodthingsspontaneouslyandhappily,thegoodthingswouldnotbegood.•Inthelastparagraph,Russelltalksaboutwhetherornotloveshouldbeunselfish.•Toconclude,Russellthinksthehighestformofhallinessisofanaturalandhealthytype,whichisawell-balancedcombinationofexternalcircumstancesandoneself.Whentheexternalcircumstancesarefavorable,thegreatestobstacletohappinessisself-centeredpassions.whatheproposesoneshoulddotogetridoftheobstacleandachievethisnaturalandhealthyhappinessistocultivategenuineinterestsintheoutsideworld.Onlybytakingoneselfasamember,ratherthanasthecenter,oftheuniverse,canhefindthegreatestjoyoflife.Paraphrase•...thathappinessisimpossiblewithoutacreedofamoreorlessreligiouskind.(para1)•Withoutfollowingwithasomewhatreligiousaweanddevotion,astrictsetofprincipleswhichincludetheideaofself-sacrificeandothersimiliarideas,therealizationofhappinesswouldbeimpossible.•如果没有一种多少带有宗教色彩的信仰，那么幸福是不可能的。•ltisthoughtbymanywhoarethemselvesunhappythattheirsorrowshavecomplicatedandhighlyintellectualisedsources.(para1)•Manyunhappypeoplethinktheirunhappinessisareflactionoftheirprofundity.•许多自己并不幸福的人认为，他们的忧伤有着复杂而高度理智化的原因。•Tobetherecipientofaffectionisapotentcauseofhappiness,butthemanwhodemandsaffectionisnotthemanuponwhomitisbestowed.(para3)•Tobeamanwhocanreceiveaffectionfromothersistobeahappyman.Butifsuchaffectionisnotgivenoutoftheirfreewill,butasaresultofademandorevencoercion[kəʊ'ɜ:ʃn]强迫,thenhewhoreceivessuchareluctantofferstillcannotbemadehappy.•能成为被爱的对象，固然是幸福的一大源泉，然而索取爱的人并不就真的能够得到爱。•Themanwhoreceivesaffectionis,speakingbroadly,themanwhogivesit.(para3)•Innormalcases,thegainofaffectionisanaturalrewardofone’sofferofaffection.•广义说来，得到爱的人正是给予爱的人。•...ifheistogetoutsideit,itmustbebygenuineinterests,notbysimulated模拟interestsadoptedmerelyasamedicine.(para4)•Ifonewantstobreakthedeadlock僵局ofself-centeredpassions,heshouldtrytocultivatesomerealinterestsintheoutsideworld.Intheprocess,hemustbesincereanddevotehimselfwholeheartedly.Ifheonlywishestobetterhismiserableconditionbyimitatingothers’behavior,thennothingwillbechanged,forhisconcernisstillconfinedexclusivelytohimself.•如果他要跳出来，他就得借助于真实的兴趣，而不是指望那些被当作药物一般接受的做作的兴趣。•Whattheobjectiveinterestsaretobethatwillariseinyouwhenyouhaveovercomethediseaseofself-absorptionmustbelefttothespontaneousworkingsofyournatureandofexternalcircumstances.(para5)•Whenyouhaveescapedfromthefirmgripofyourself-centeredpassions,youwillfindsomegenuineintereststowardstheoutsideworldbeingcultivated.Yet,youcannotdecidethesetypesofinterestsinadvance.Theyareactuallytheresultofthejointworkingsofyournatureandexternalcircumstances.•当你战胜了自我专注的毛病，至于以后能有什么样的客观兴趣，那只能是你的天性和外界环境的自然而然的结果，你就不必为此徒费心神了。•Consciousself-denialleavesamanself-absorbedandvividlyawareofwhathehassacrificed;inconsequenceitfailsoftenofitsimmediateobjectandalmostalwaysofitsultimatepurpose.(para6)•Ifonemakesdeliberateeffortsinsacrificinghisdesiresorinterests,heisactuallythinkingtoomuchofhimselfandattachingmoreweighttohisbehaviorofsacrificethanothers’benefit.Therefore,hisunnaturaleffortswillneitherbringrealpleasuretoothers,whichistheimmediateobjectofhisself-denial,norenhancehismorallevel,whichishisultimatepurpose.•有意识的自我克制，使一个人变得专注于自我，并清楚地知道他所作的牺牲，这样做的结果只能是：在当前的目标上，他往往失败；在最后的目标上，他几乎总会落空。•Whatisneededisnotself-denial,butthatkindofdirectionofinterestoutwardwhichwillleadspontaneouslyandnaturallytothesameactsthatapersonabsorbedinthepursuitofhisownvirtuecouldonlyperformbymeansofconsciousself-denial.(para6)•Asonewhosepurposeisthepursuitofhisownvirtuemayachieveitthroughpainfuleffortsofself-denial,hemayachieveiteasilyandnaturallythroughcultivatinggenuineintereststowardstheoutsideworld.•人们需要的并不是自我克制，而是那种外向型的兴趣，后者能产生自发的、不做作的行为——这种行为在