福柯

MichelFoucault'sworkCatalogueMadnessandCivilizationTheArchaeologyofKnowledgeDisciplineandPunishTheBirthoftheClinicTheOrderofThingsTheHistoryofSexualityMadnessandCivilization:HistoryofMadnessintheClassicalAge(1960)WhileworkinginWestGermany,Foucaulthadfinallycompletedhisdoctoralthesis,Folieetdéraison:Histoiredelafolieàl'âgeclassique(MadnessandInsanity:HistoryofMadnessintheClassicalAge),aphilosophicalworkbaseduponhisstudiesintothehistoryofmedicine.Inthebook,FoucaultdealtwiththemannerinwhichWesternEuropeansocietyhaddealtwithmadness,arguingthatitwasasocialconstructdistinctfrommentalillness.Foucaulttracestheevolutionoftheconceptofmadnessthroughthreephases:theRenaissance,theClassicalAge(thelaterseventeenthandmostoftheeighteenthcenturies)andthemodernexperience.灵魂Freud将麻风病人关起来愚人船法国监禁中世纪15世纪17世纪女人精神病疯狂不是一种自然现象，而是一种文明产物。没有把这种现象说成疯狂并加以迫害的各种文化的历史，就不会有疯狂的历史。--------福柯TheBirthoftheClinic&TheOrderofThings（1963,1966）In1963hepublishedNaissancedelaClinique:unearchéologieduregardmédical,subsequentlytranslatedintoEnglishasBirthoftheClinic:AnArchaeologyofMedicalPerception.PickingupfromMadnessandCivilization,TheBirthoftheClinictracesthedevelopmentofthemedicalprofession,andspecificallytheinstitutionoftheclinique(translatedasclinic,butherelargelyreferringtoteachinghospitals).Itsmotifistheconceptofthemedicalregard(translatedbyAlanSheridanasmedicalgaze),traditionallylimitedtosmall,specializedinstitutionssuchashospitalsandprisons,butwhichFoucaultexaminesassubjectingwidersocialspaces,governingthepopulationenmasse.科学的话语如何构造和制约人们的感性经验InApril1966,GallimardbroughtoutanothersignificantworkbyFoucault,LesMotsetleschoses:Unearchéologiedesscienceshumaines(Thewordsandthethings),whichwaslatertranslatedintoEnglishasTheOrderofThings:AnArchaeologyoftheHumanSciences.Theworkbroadlyaimstoprovideananti-humanistexcavationofthehumansciences,suchassociologyandpsychology.ItopenswithanextendeddiscussionofDiegoVelázquez'spaintingLasMeninasandthepainting'scomplexarrangementofsight-lines,hiddenness,andappearance.Itthendevelopsitscentralthesis:allperiodsofhistoryhavepossessedspecificunderlyingconditionsoftruththatconstitutedwhatcouldbeexpressedasdiscourse(forexampleart,science,culture,etc.).Foucaultarguesthattheseconditionsofdiscoursehavechangedovertime,inmajorandrelativelysuddenshifts,fromoneperiod'sepistemetoanother.认识型•词默默地和小心谨慎的在纸张的空白处排列开来，在这个空白处，词既不能拥有声音，也不能具有对话者，在那里，词要讲述的只是自身，词所要做的只是在自己的存在中闪烁。-------福柯•人将被抹去，如同大海边沙地上的一张脸。-----福柯《词与物》TheArchaeologyofKnowledge（1969）Publishedin1969,thisvolumewasFoucault'smainexcursionintomethodology,writtenasanoutcomeofdiscussionswiththeFrenchCircleofEpistemology.Thebookexplainsthemethodologyofhisprevioustheoreticalworks.InhisworkFoucault(1986),DeleuzedescribesTheArchaeologyofKnowledgeasthemostdecisivestepyettakeninthetheory-practiceofmultiplicities.话语是陈述的整体话语对象陈述形式概念的形成主题的选择×n话语DisciplineandPunish（1975）DisciplineandPunish:TheBirthofthePrisonwastranslatedintoEnglishin1977,fromtheFrenchSurveilleretpunir:Naissancedelaprison,publishedin1975.ItdetailstheemergenceofprisonsasinEuropeandexploresFoucault'sviewsonpower.ThebookisamongFoucault'smostsuccessfulandinfluentialworks.•一部近现代监狱史乃是从“惩罚”到“规训”的历史。------福柯全景监狱TheHistoryofSexualityThefirstandmostreferencedvolume,TheWilltoKnowledgewaspublishedinFrancein1976,andtranslatedin1977,focusingprimarilyonthelasttwocenturies,andthefunctioningofsexualityasananalyticsofpowerrelatedtotheemergenceofascienceofsexuality(scientiasexualis)andtheemergenceofbiopowerintheWest.Thesecondtwovolumes,TheUseofPleasureandTheCareoftheSelfdealtwiththeroleofsexinGreekandRomanantiquity.Bothwerepublishedin1984.Foucaultextendedhisanalysisofgovernmenttoits'widersenseoftechniquesandproceduresdesignedtodirectthebehaviourofmen',whichinvolvedanewconsiderationofthe'examinationofconscience'andconfessioninearlyChristianliterature.ThefourthvolumewastobeentitledConfessionsoftheFlesh.ThevolumewasalmostcompletebeforeFoucault'sdeathandacopyofitisprivatelyheldintheFoucaultarchive.ItcannotbepublishedundertherestrictionsofFoucault'sestate.MadnessandCivilizationhistoryofmadnessTheBirthoftheClinichowepistemeworkDisciplineandPunishwhyprisonbecomesamaintoolofpunishmentTheHistoryofSexualitythehistoryofsexuality认识型epistemeTheOrderofThingsTheArchaeologyofKnowledge以考古学的方法梳理历史谢谢观赏