Oscar Wilde 英文

OscarWilde(1854-1900)•HewasborninDublinin1854,studiedclassicsatTrinityCollege（三圣学院），andthenwenttoOxfordUniversity,wherehedistinguishedhimselfasaclassicalscholarandpoet.•HisFatherwasIreland’sleadingeyeandearsurgeonandhismotherwasapoetandauthor.OscarWildeOscarWilde•HewasoneofthemostsuccessfulplaywrightsoflateVictorianLondonandoneofthegreatestcelebrities（名人）ofhisdays.•Hesufferedadramaticdownfallandwasimprisoned（入狱）afterbeenconvictedof“grossindecency（严重猥亵罪）”forhomosexualacts.•HediedinParisin1900.OnlyConnect...NewDirectionsOscarWildeandLordAlfredDouglasinthe1890sLordAlfredDouglashissame-sexpartner:OxfordDate:summer1893Place:OxfordDate:summer1893PhotographsofOscarWilde&LordAlfredDouglasTabooLoveHomosexualityIamtrueLove,Ifilltheheartsofboyandgirlwithmutualflame.Thensighing,saidtheother,'Havethywill,Iamthelovethatdarenotspeakitsname.excerptedfromTowLovesLordAlfredDouglas(1894)LadyJaneFrancescaWilde(JaneElgee,1821-1896)：Constance康士坦茨湖Theyhadtwosons,Cyril(1885)andVyvyan(1886).ThephotoshowsWilde’swifeandhissonCyrilin1889.•OscarWildeadoptedtheestheticalideal:heaffirmed“mylifeislikeaworkofart”.•Hisestheticismclashedwith（与冲突）thedidacticism启蒙主义ofVictoriannovels.Wilde’sestheticism唯美主义OscarWildeOnlyConnect...NewDirectionsAcontemporaryeditionofThePictureofDorianGray.Estheticism•Devotedtoaschoolofthoughtandamodeofsensibilityknownasestheticism,Wildebelievedthatartpossessesanintrinsic（内在的）value—thatitisbeautifulandthereforehasworthanddoesn'tneedtoserveanyotherpurpose,beitmoralorpolitical.•Thepurposeofartwastoguidelife,andtodothis,itmustconcernitselfonlywiththepursuitofbeauty.Estheticism•EstheticismisaVictorianliterarymovementthatbeganinthelate19thcentury.•Followersofthemovementbelievedthatartshouldnotbemixedwithsocial,political,ormoralteaching.•WalterPater’sstatement“theloveofartforitsownsake”isagoodsummaryofestheticism.•ThemovementhaditsrootsinFrance,butitgainedwidespreadimportanceinEnglandinthelasthalfofthe19thcentury,whereithelpedchangetheVictorianpracticeofincludingmorallessonsinliterature.•OscarWildeisoneofthebest-knownesthetesofthelatenineteenthcentury.Estheticism•ThisattitudewasrevolutionaryinVictorianEngland,wherepopularbeliefheldthatartwasnotonlyafunctionofmoralitybutalsoameansofenforcingit.•Inthepreface（前言）toThePictureofDorianGray,Wildealsocautionedreadersagainstfindingmeanings“beneaththesurface”ofart.–“Allartisquiteuseless.”•“Diversity（多样性）ofopinionaboutaworkofartshowsthattheworkisnew,complex,andvital.”Estheticism•Wildebelievedthattheartistshouldholdforthhigherideals(Theartist=thecreatorofbeautifulthings),andthatpleasureandbeautywouldreplaceutilitarian(功利的)ethics（道德标准）.•Poetry:Poems,1891TheBallad（民谣）ofReadingGaol,1898•Fairytales:TheHappyPrinceandotherTales,1888TheHouseofPomegranates（石榴）,1891•Novel:ThePictureofDorianGray,1891•Plays:LadyWindermere’sFan,1892AWomanofnoImportance,1893TheImportanceofBeingEarnest,1895Salomé,（莎乐美）1893WorksOscarWildeOnlyConnect...NewDirections•1890firstappearedinamagazine.•1891revisedandextended.•ItreflectsOscarWilde’spersonality.•ItwasconsideredimmoralbytheVictorianpublic.•’sDorianGray(2009).ThePictureofDorianGray(1890)DirectedbyAlbertLewin(1945)•AtemptationisplacedbeforeDorian:apotentialageless（永恒的）beauty.•LordHenry’scynical见利忘义attitudeisinkeepingwiththedevil’sroleinDrFaust.•LordHenryactsasthe“Deviladvocate”.•ThepicturestandsforthedarksideofDorian’spersonality.DorianGray:amodernversionofDr.FaustOscarWildeOnlyConnect...NewDirectionsMephistophelesappearingbeforeFaustinthe1865editionofFaustbyJohannWolfgangGoethe.•浮士德Faust(1926)-剧情梗概：•影片改变自歌德的诗剧《浮士德》的第一部分，是关于浮士德和少女玛甘蕾的故事。天使和魔鬼打了一个赌，倘若他能俘获浮士德的灵魂上帝就奖世界让给他，魔鬼给城市带来了瘟疫，浮士德想找出解药却找不到，他只能眼睁睁看着他，魔鬼和浮士德订立契约，魔鬼以仆人身份出现，带着浮士德开始新的人生。条件是浮士德一旦感到了满足，灵魂便归魔鬼所有。魔鬼在浮士德看见了肉欲狂欢的世界，并设计让少女爱上了浮士德。而不由自主爱上浮士德的少女去求助马歇姨妈，他们相爱了。马歇姨妈却因为喝了魔鬼调制的酒变得神经兮兮。少女为了和浮士德幽会给母亲服了过量安眠药，致使老人死去。而魔鬼挑唆少女哥哥瓦伦丁和浮士德争斗，瓦伦丁死于浮士德剑下。少女成了镇子的罪人，冬天，她生下了自己的孩子，孩子得不到救助在雪中悲惨地死去。她被人当成了杀人犯被判火刑，浮士德得知后赶回小镇，冲上火刑台，和少女一同赴死。感动了上帝也战胜了魔鬼。返回页顶打从一开始便透过白天神与黑魔鬼的打赌，去确立正与邪不灭的抗衡，而赌注是智者浮士德的灵魂。耳熟能详的德意志传统故事，经他一手调弄，有意外惊人的效果。浮士德寻求解脱民间瘟疫的灵药不果，一气之下出卖灵魂予魔鬼，结果终生与罪孽纠缠。返回页顶德国鬼才导演茂瑙的传世杰作，根据歌德经典长诗《浮士德》改编，讲上帝和魔鬼打赌，看能否改变一个名叫浮士德的老年科学家的命运。于是詹宁斯扮演的靡菲斯托便跟浮士德提出交换条件，用他的灵魂换取永久的青春、快乐和权力。•Everyexcess越轨行为mustbepunishedandrealitycannotbeescaped.•WhenDoriandestroysthepicture,hecannotavoidthepunishmentforallhissinsdeath.•Thehorrible,corrupting（腐烂的）picturecouldbeseenasasymboloftheimmoralityandbadconscienceoftheVictorianmiddleclass.•Thepicture,restoredtoitsoriginalbeauty,illustratesWilde’stheoriesofart:artsurvivespeople,artiseternal.DorianGray:themoralofthenovelOscarWildeOnlyConnect...NewDirectionsThePictureofDorianGray•TheonlypublishednovelwrittenbyOscarWilde.Firstappearedin1890immediatelycriticized