元[i:][i][ə:][ə][u:][u][:][][ɑ:][][e][æ]音[ei][ai][i][iə][εə][uə][əu][au][p][t][k][f][s][θ][][t][tr][ts]辅[b][d][g][v][z][ð][][][dr][dz][m][n][ŋ]音[w][j][r][h][l]1、音素:音素是英语中最小的语音单位,英语中有48个音素,其中元音20个,辅音28个。2、音标:是记录音素的符号,用于区别字母,因而需加“[]”或“//”。3、48个音标4、音节1)音节按读音可以分为开音节和闭音节开音节又可以分为绝对开音节和相对开音节①绝对开音节:是指一个元音字母后面没有辅音字母而构成的音节,例如:we,hi,②相对开音节:是指一个元音字母后面有一个辅音字母(除r)之外,最后是一个不发音的e构成的音节,如:take,make在开音节中,这个元音字母发“字母”本身音,例如hi|hai|,use|ju:z|③闭音节:指元音字母后面有辅音字母(辅音字母r除外)构成的音节,如:leg,cross2)音节按重读可以分为重读音节和非重读音节重读音节:指在双音节或多音节词中有一个发音特别响亮的音节,叫重读音节,用重音符号“'”标于相应位置,其他音节为非重读音节,如begin|i|,单音节词作重读处理,但不标重音符号。元音音素学习A)元音字母在单词中的读音字母读音说明例词a/ei/在重读开音节中grade,cake,date,page,safe,face,/e/在ny前many,anyone,anything/æ/在重读闭音节中map,fat,sad,back,/æ/在w或wh后wash,want,watch,/ɑ:/在s,ss,st前last,glass,pass,class,basket/:/在w后偶尔发water/εə/ar分开发音Mary,parent/ə/在非重读音节中asleep,away,among,around/i/village,comrade,palace字母读音说明例词e/i/在重读开音节中she,these,Chinese/e/在重读闭音节中forget,dress,sell,spell/iə/er分开发音zero/ə/在非重读音节中open,moment,September/i/ticket,begin,behind,cinema,betweeni(y)/ai/在重读开音节中time,drive,ride,knife,/i/在重读闭音节中thin,ship,physics/i:/在重读开音节中police,machine/ə/在非重读音节中April,holiday,beautiful/i/office,instead,finish,字母读音说明例词o/əu/在重读开音节中hole,phone,smoke,//在重读闭音节中bottle,knock,song,//在m,n,v,th前love,son,some,/u/woman/u:/在某些重读开音节中move,lose,who,/w/one,once/ə/在非重读音节中tomorrow,together,/u/onto,intou/ju:/在重读音节中student,duty,//在重读闭音节中nut,duck,luck,/u/put,pull,push,full/u:/在重读开音节中June,ruler/i/在个别单词中busy,business/ə/在非重读音节中AugustB)元音字母组合在单词中的读音组合读音说明例词ea/i:/在重读音节中cheap,easy,speak,/e/bread,ready,weather,/iə/idea,real,really/ei/great,breakai/ei/在个别重读音节词中train,rainwait,waiter/e/在重读音节中said,says/i/在非重读音节中mountainee/i:/在重读音节中need,green,asleepey/ei/they,hey,obey/i:/在个别重读音节词中key/i/在非重读音节中monkey,moneyeo/i:/在重读音节中people组合读音说明例词ei/i:/在重读音节中receive/ei/在字母组合eigh中eight,eighteen,weighou[au]在重读音节中ground,round,around,[]country,touch,enough,/u:/在个别重读音节词中group/u/在情态动词中could,should,wouldue/u:/e不发音blue/e/u不发音guessoo/u:/词尾或词中soon,food,cool,tooth[u]在k或d前look,took,good,foot[]在l和d之间bloodoa[əu]在重读音节中coat,goat,boatoy[i]boy,enjoy,joy,toyoi[i]toilet,oil辅音音素学习A)辅音字母在单词中的读音字母读音例词字母读音例词b/b/busp/p/mapc/s/niceq一般不单独发音/k/cupr/r/redd/d/days/s/yesf/f/fly/z/pleaseg[g]gate[]sure[]orange[]usuallyh/h/het/t/catj[]jeepv/v/livek/k/kitew/w/wayl/l/latex/ks/nextm/m/my[gz]examplen/n/niney/j/year[ŋ]unclez/z/zero重点辅音字母读音讲解:★:n在单词中的读音n在一般情况下发/n/。如:kind,need,soon等。n后面为辅音音素/k/,/g/时发/ŋ/。如think,hungry,uncle等。该规则不包括加前缀un构成的单词。如unclean★:s在单词中的读音①s在单词开头通常读/s/。如:sit,stop等。②s后面的辅音字母发清辅音时读/s/。如:desk,past,question,mistake等。③以s结尾的复数名词,s前的辅音字母发清辅音时,词尾s读/s/。如:clocks,shops等。④ss在单词中读/s/。如pass,lesson等。⑤s在两个元音音素之间常读/z/。如:music,visit等。⑥s后面是浊辅音时读/z/.如husband,season等。⑦加s构成的复数名词及单数第三人称动词形式中,s前面为浊辅音或元音时,s读/z/。如:plays,blows,rulers等。⑧以su开头的极少数单词中,s常读[]如sure,sugar等⑨s读[]仅限于usually,pleasure等极少数单词。B)辅音字母组合在单词中的读音组合读音说明例词ch[t]大部分单词中lunch,chair,China,/k/在少数单词中school,chemistry[]在个别单词中machineck/k/一般位于词尾clock,back,blackng[ŋ]在词尾song,bring,seeing[ŋg]在词中hungry,angry,strongersh[]在词首、词中或词尾fishing,finish,washph/f/一般在词首phone,photo,physics组合读音说明例词wh/h/后为o时who,whose,whole/w/后为其它元音字母时when,which,why,gh/f/一般在词尾laugh,enough,coughth[θ]在词尾或以th开头的名/动/形容/数词中thing,think,thick,third/ð/在there中及代词、冠词、连词或副词中another,feather,them,wr/r/在词首write,wrong,writerkn/n/在词首know,knife,knowledgetch[t]catch,match,watchdr/dr/一般位于词首drive,dry,dress,drinktr/tr/一般位于词首truck,train,trousersds/dz/一般在词尾beds,finds,handsts/ts/一般在词尾students,lets,boats,元、辅音字母组合在单词中的读音这类字母组合有两类:一类是一个或两个元音字母与r组合,构成-r音节或-re音节。这是主要的一类元辅音字母组合。另一类是一个元音字母与除r以外的某个辅音字母组合。这类元辅音字母组合数量很少。组合读音说明例词ar[ɑ:]重读音节中start,March,farther,hardly[:]在w后warm,war,warn,quarter[ə]非重读音节中popular,similarer[ə:]重读音节中term,certainly,prefer[ə]非重读音节中worker,writer,letterir[ə:]重读音节中shirt,first,third,bird,组合读音说明例词or[ə]非重读音节t中doctor,visitor[ə:]在w后world,worse,worst[:]重读音节中sport,horse,born,northur[ə:]Thursday,purple,purseare[εə]care,careful,hareear[iə]near,hear,clear,dear,[ə:]early,earth,learn,heard[εə]少数词中tear,pear,bear[ɑ:]个别词中heartere[εə]重读音节中where,there,[iə]非重读音节中hereore[:]重读音节中before,more,scoreire[aiə]tired,hire,fireeer[iə]deer,pioneer组合读音说明例词our[:]重读音节中four,fourth,course,[auə]hour[ə]非重读音节中colouroor/:/一般读/:/door,floor/uə/个别词中pooral/:/一般读/:/walk,talk,tall,small/:l/以al开头的副词also,always,already,/ɑ:/个别词中halfow/əu/重读或非重读音节中window,yellow,/au/一般读/ju:/few,knew,news,ew/u:/不规则动词过去式中threw,drew,flew,/əu/个别词中sew(缝纫)tion/ən/一般读/ən/station,dictionary,/tən/在s后question组合读音说明例词aw/:/重读音节中draw,lawdge//只有g发音bridge,fridge,judgeigh/ai/只有i发音night,bright,fightough/:/只有ou发音bought,brought,thoughtaugh/:/只有au发音daughter,taught,caughtind/aind/三个字母都发音kind,find,mind,behindold/əuld/sold,told,cold,holded的读音有三种情况:①清辅音[p][k][f][s][θ][][t][tr][ts][h]后读/t/②在浊辅音和元音后[b][g][v][z][ð][][][dr][dz][m][n][ŋ][w][j]读/d/③在[t][d]后读/id/不发音的字母和字母组合英语单词的读音和拼写形式虽然联系紧密,但并不是完全对应的,有很多单词中的某一字母或几个字母不发音。单词不发音的字母中,既有元音字母或字母组合,也有辅音字母或字母组合。不发音的字母或字母组合给拼写单词带来了一定的困难,但也不是无规律可循的。请看下表:字母或字母组合说明例词e以e结尾的相对开音节词中rice,noseo构成成音节的-son中lesson,season,ugu在词首时guessea在个别词中beautifuluegue在词尾时dialogue,leagueb在词尾且其前面为字