D.H.Lawrence

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D.H.LawrenceDesignbyIris•BriefIntroduction•Life&Career–EarlyLife&Career–He&HisWife–Death•WorksDavidHerbertRichardsLawrence(1885-1930),usuallyknownasD.H.Lawrence,wasanEnglishnovelist,poet,playwright,essayist,literarycriticandpainter.Hiscollectedworksrepresentanextendedreflectionuponthedehumanizing([di:′hjumƏnaiz]todepriveofhumanqualities使失去人性)effectsofmodernity(现代性,现代作风)andindustrialization(工业化).Inthem,Lawrenceconfronts(=face面临,遭遇)issuesrelatingtoemotionalhealthandvitality([vai‘tæliti]活力,生命力),spontaneity([spɔntə’ni:iti]自然性),andinstinct(天性).BriefIntroductionHisEarlyLifeThefourthchildofArthurJohnLawrence,abarelyliterateandirreligious,heavydrinkingminerwhospoketheroughNottinghamshiredialect,andLydia,hismotherwhoisawell-educatedchapel-goer(apersonwhooftengoestothechapel)andhadbeenaschool-teacherandcametolookdownuponherunculturedhusband.Lawrencespenthisformative(shaping;developing)yearsinthecoalminingtownofEastwood,Nottinghamshire.Thehouseinwhichhewasborn,inEastwood,8aVictoriaStreet,isnowtheD.H.LawrenceBirthplaceMuseum.Hisworkingclassbackgroundandthetensionsbetweenhisparentsprovidedtherawmaterialforanumberofhisearlyworks.Lawrencewouldreturntothislocality(=area)andoftenwroteaboutnearbyUnderwood,callingitthecountryofmyheart,asasettingformuchofhisfiction.TheyoungLawrenceattendedBeauvaleBoardSchool(nowrenamedGreasleyBeauvaleD.H.LawrencePrimarySchoolinhishonour)from1891until1898,becomingthefirstlocalpupiltowinaCountyCouncil(郡议会)scholarship(奖学金)toNottinghamHighSchoolinnearbyNottingham.Heleftin1901,workingforthreemonthsasajuniorclerkatHaywood‘ssurgicalappliances[ə’plaiəns]factory(外科器械厂),butasevereboutofpneumonia([nju:‘məunjə]肺炎)endedthiscareer.Intheyears1902to1906LawrenceservedasapupilteacherattheBritishSchool,Eastwood.Hewentontobecomeafull-timestudentandreceivedateachingcertificatefromUniversityCollege,Nottingham,in1908.Duringtheseearlyyearshewasworkingonhisfirstpoems,someshortstories,andadraftofanovel,Laetitia(利蒂希娅),thatwaseventuallytobecomeTheWhitePeacock(《白孔雀》1911).Attheendof1907hewonashortstorycompetitionintheNottinghamGuardian(诺丁汉卫报),thefirsttimethathehadgainedanywiderrecognitionforhisliterarytalents.HisEarlyCareer•Intheautumnof1908thenewlyqualifiedLawrencelefthischildhoodhomeforLondon.WhileteachinginDavidsonRoadSchool,Croydon(克罗伊登英格兰南部城市),hecontinuedwriting.Someoftheearlypoetry,cametotheattentionofFordMadox(福特·马多克斯),knownastheeditoroftheinfluentialTheEnglishReview(《英国评论》).Fordthencommissioned(委任,代办)thestoryOdor([‘əudə]smell)ofChrysanthemums(《菊花香》)which,whenpublishedinthatmagazine,encouragedHeinemann,aLondonpublisher,toaskLawrenceformorework.•Hiscareerasaprofessionalauthornowbeganinearnest,althoughhetaughtforafurtheryear.ShortlyafterthefinalproofsofhisfirstpublishednovelTheWhitePeacockappearedin1910,Lawrence‘smotherdied.Shehadbeenillwithcancer.Theyoungmanwasdevastated(=overwhelm;shock打击;震惊)andhewastodescribethenextfewmonthsashis“sickyear.”ItisclearthatLawrencehadanextremelycloserelationshipwithhismotherandhisgrieffollowingherdeathbecameamajorturningpointinhislife,justasthedeathofMrs.Morelformsamajorturningpointinhisautobiographical(自传体的)novelSonsandLovers(《儿子与情人》1913),aworkthatdrawsuponmuchofthewriter’sprovincialupbringing(教养).•In1911LawrencewasintroducedtoEdwardGarnett,apublisher‘sreader,whoactedasamentor,providedfurtherencouragement,andbecameavaluedfriend,asGarnett’ssonDavidwasalso.Throughoutthesemonthstheyoungauthorrevised(=amend修订;修正)PaulMorel(《儿子与情人》的曾用题目《保罗·莫莱尔》),thefirstdraftofwhatbecameSonsandLovers.Inaddition,ateachingcolleague,HelenCorke,gavehimaccesstoherintimate(=personal)diariesaboutanunhappyloveaffair,whichformedthebasisofTheTrespasser['trespəsə](《入侵者》1912),hissecondnovel.InNovember1911,hecamedownwithapneumoniaagain;onceherecovered,Lawrencedecidedtoabandonteachinginordertobecomeafulltimeauthor.HealsobrokeoffanengagementtoLouieBurrows,anoldfriendfromhisdaysinNottinghamandEastwood.He&HisWife•InMarch1912LawrencemetFriedaWeekley,withwhomhewastosharetherestofhislife.Shewassixyearsolderthanhernewlover(Lawrence),marriedtoLawrence‘sformermodernlanguagesprofessorfromUniversityCollege,Nottingham,ErnestWeekley,andwiththreeyoungchildren.Sheeloped([i’ləup]runawaywith私奔)withLawrencetoherparents‘homeinMetz,agarrison(要塞)towntheninGermanynearthedisputedborderwithFrance.TheirstayhereincludedLawrence’sfirstbrush(conflict冲突)withmilitarism([‘militərizəm]军国主义),whenhewasarrestedandaccusedofbeingaBritishspy,beforebeingreleased,followinganintervention(干涉)fromFriedaWeekley’sfather.Afterthisencounter(遭遇)Lawrenceleftforasmallhamlet(村子)tothesouthofMunich(慕尼黑),wherehewasjoinedbyWeekleyfortheir“honeymoon”,latermemorialized([mə’mϽ:ri:əlaiz]纪念)intheseriesoflovepoemstitledLook!WeHaveComeThrough(1917).1912alsosawthefirstofLawrence‘sso-called“miningplays”,TheDaughter-in-Law,writteninNottinghamdialect.Theplaywasnevertobeperformed,orevenpublished,inLawrence’slifetime.Heandhiswifelivedmostlyabroad,inItaly,Australia,NewZealand,theSouthSeas,California,Mexico,andthenbacktotheEurope,movingfromplacetoplace.Death•Lawrencecontinuedtowritedespite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