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Chapter1optometrist视光师ophthalmologist眼科医师optician配镜师Orbit眼眶opticforamen视神经孔theExtraocularMusclesEOMS眼外肌rectusmuscle直肌obliquemuscle斜肌lidoreyelid（palpebra）眼睑adduction,abduction,elevation,depression,cyclotorsion:内收，外展，上转，下转，旋转canthus眼角，眦conjunctiva(palpebral,bulbar,fornix)结膜（睑结膜，球结膜，穹隆结膜）eyelashes睫毛caruncle小阜，肉阜pupil瞳孔lacrimalapparatus泪器tearfilm（mucinlayer,aqueouslayer,lipidlayer）泪膜(粘液层，水质层，脂质层)plicasemilunaris半月皱襞lacrimalpunctum泪小点canaliculi：泪小管lacrimalsac泪囊nasolacrimalduct鼻泪管）gobletcell杯状细胞sclera巩膜episclera巩膜表层cornea(epithelium，Bowman’smembrane,stromallayer,Desceman’smembrane,endothelium)角膜（上皮层，Bowman氏膜，基质层，Desceman氏膜，内皮层）limbus角巩缘anterior/posteriorchamber前房/后房aqueoushumor房水iris虹膜dilatormuscle开大肌sphinctermuscle括约肌ciliarybody睫状体crystallinelens,lens晶状体zonules悬韧带vitreous玻璃体choroids脉络膜uvea葡萄膜retina视网膜photoreceptorcells(rods,cones)光感受器细胞（视杆，视锥）macula黄斑opticdisc/cup视盘maculafovea黄斑中心凹foveola,foveolacentralis中心小凹fundus眼底Chapter2Opticnerve视神经OpticChiasm视交叉Optictract视束Opticradiations视放射LateralGeniculatebody外侧膝状体Meyer’sloopMeyer氏环Occipitallobe枕叶Visualcortex视皮质dyslexia[医]诵读困难congruousadj.一致的,符合的,适合的hemianopian.[医]偏盲,一侧视力缺失quadranopsia象限盲homonymous同名的，同侧的；同一关系的：在眼科学上，将两眼的视野垂直地分为均等的两部，即右侧视野(左眼鼻侧一半，右眼颞侧)和左侧视野(左眼颞侧一半，右眼鼻侧)scotoma〔复scotomata〕暗点，盲点blindspotn.盲点tunnelvisionn.[医](眼科)管状视Binocularvision双眼视觉Monocularvision单眼视觉Stereovisionorstereopsis立体视Depthperception深度觉Pigmentn.色素Deficientadj.缺乏的,不足的,不完善的Congenitaladj.天生的,先天的Acquiredadj.已获得的carriern.携带者miosis：Constrictionofthepupiloftheeye,resultingfromanormalresponsetoanincreaseinlightorcausedbycertaindrugsorpathologicalconditions.缩瞳，眼睛瞳孔的缩小，是对光线增强的正常反应结果或由某些药物或病理学情况而引起。accommodationreflex调节反射refractiveerror屈光不正opticaladj.眼的，视力的，视觉的;光的，光学的prismn.棱镜basen.底apexn.顶convergentlens会聚镜片biconvexlens双凸镜片divergentlens发散镜片biconcave双凹镜片sphericallens:球面透镜cylinder:柱面透镜spherocylindricallens球柱面透镜focalpoint焦点focallength焦长diopter屈光度emmetropia正视眼ametropia非正视眼myopia：nearsightedness近视hyperopia:farsightedness远视astigmatism散光presbyopia老视singleVisionLens单光镜bifocalLens双光镜trifocalLens三光镜ProgressiveAdditionLens(PAL)渐进多焦点镜片prescription处方amblyopia弱视aphakia无晶体眼pseudophakia假晶体眼cataract白内障intraocularlensIOL人工晶体，眼内晶体contactlens角膜接触镜，隐形眼镜anisometropia屈光参差antimetropia两眼屈光不等；例如一眼近视，另一眼远视aniseikonia两眼物像不等症Chapter3肿瘤tumor细菌bacteria/bacterium病毒virus真菌fungus/fungi感染infection阻塞obstruct破坏destroy异物foreignbody过敏allergy水肿edema疤痕scar溃疡ulcer排泄excretion复发的recurrent角膜炎keratitis白内障cataract混浊opacification青光眼glaucoma视盘opticdiscinflammation炎症cure痊愈lacrimalgland泪腺ointment药膏lesion损害trauma外伤atrophy萎缩papilla乳头follicle滤泡dystrophy营养不良abnormality异常degeneration变性；退化acid酸hemorrhage出血iridotomy虹膜切开术benign良性的neovascularization新生血管lightsensitivity畏光uveitis葡萄膜炎nucleus核PDR增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变AMD老年黄斑变性CNV脉络膜新生血管heredity遗传Chapter4Strabismus斜视Amblyopia弱视Neurology神经学,神经病学Orthophoria正位tropia显斜Phoria隐斜Olfactory嗅神经Optic视神经Oculomotor动眼神经Trochlear滑车神经Trigeminal三叉神经Abducens外展神经Facial面神经Vestibulocochlear(acousticnerve)前庭神经Glossopharyngeal舌咽神经Vagus迷走神经Spinalaccessory（accessory）副神经Hypoglosssal舌下神经Chapter5symptoms症状flashingoflight闪光感diagnosis诊断blurryvision视物模糊burning烧灼感curtainoverthevision视物遮幕感distortedvision视物变形diplopia复视Introcularlens人工晶体trauma外伤dislocationoflens晶体脱位multiplesclerosis多发性硬化diabetes糖尿病myastheniagravis重症肌无力fluctuatingvision视力波动glare眩光halos光晕headaches头痛itching痒lightflash闪光感photophobia畏光lossofcentralvision中心视力下降lossofdepthperception深度觉下降visualfield视野poordistancevision远视力下降floater漂浮物vitreousdetachment玻璃体脱离retinaldetachment视网膜脱离retinalhemorrhage视网膜出血cataract白内障asthenopia眼疲劳swelling水肿chalazion霰粒肿chapter6takinghistory病史采集chiefcomplaint主诉over-the-countermedicines非处方药socialhistory社会史visualacuity视力afferentpapillarydefect相对传入性瞳孔障碍confrontationvisualfield对比视野检查法Chapter7主诉chiefcomplaints棱镜prism视野visualfield调节accommodation交叉柱镜crosscylinder眼底fundus裂隙灯slitlamp视力visualacuity融合fusion抑制suppression血压bloodpressure并发症complicationTonometer眼压计diplopia复视trialframe试镜架ultrasound超声Chapter8benign(病)良性的;(气候)良好的,仁慈的,和蔼的malignant恶性的;癌转移倾向的biopsy:Aportionofthegrowthisremoved[医]活组织检查,活组织切片检查pathology:Evaluationtodetermineifmalignant病理学graft:transplanttissuefromanotherpartofthepatient’sbody移植flap:skinadjacenttothewoundismovedover皮片，皮瓣cautery:①anagentorinstrumentusedtodestroyabnormaltissuebyburning,searing,orscarring,includingcausticsubstances,electriccurrents,lasers,andveryhotorverycoldinstruments.腐蚀剂，烧灼器②theactorprocessofcauterizing.烧灼术，烙术cryotherapy:thelocalorgeneraluseoflowtemperaturesinmedicaltherapy冷冻法，低温(冷)疗法trichiasis:ingrownlashes倒睫epilation:themachanicalremovalofthehairbytheroots拔毛electrolysis:destructionoflivingtissue,especiallyofhairroots,bymeansofanelectriccurrentappliedwithaneedle-shapedelectrode.n.电解ectropion:out-turnedlid睑外翻entropion:in-turnedlid睑内翻blepharoplasty:plasticsurgeryoftheeyelid(去除眼袋、鱼尾纹等的)眼睑整容术cornealtransplant角膜移植keratotomy角膜切开术radialkeratotomy放射状角膜切开术astigmatickeratotomy散光角膜切开术Laser-assistedinsitukeratomileusis准分子角膜原位磨镶术Lasertrabeculoplasty:perforationbyalaserbeamofthetrabecularmeshworkoftheangleoftheanteriorchambertofacilitateaqueoushumoroutflowforthetreatmen