操作系统概念(英文)――大纲及总结

Jan2010OperatingSystemConcepts-1CHAPTER1OSdefinition,functionalitiesClassificationofcomputersystemsandoperatingsystems(multiprogramming,,time-sharing/interactivesystems,(hard,soft)realtimesystems/embeddedsystems,batchsystems,distributedsystems,parallelsystems)Parallelvs.Concurrent,multipleprogrammingJan2010OperatingSystemConcepts-2Interruptvs.trap(陷阱、内部中断)Storagestructureandhierarchycaching,Fig.1.4Dualmodeoperationandprivilegedinstructions(1.5)SystemcallCHAPTER1Jan2010OperatingSystemConcepts-3CHAPTER2ServicesprovidedbyOS(2.1)，见下图InterfacesbetweenOSandUsers(2.2)SystemcallsasAPI(概念、原理,2.3)Typesofsystemcalls(2.4了解)(2.7)Systemstructure:simple,layered,microkernel,module,各自结构特点、每类结构的代表性OS(2.8)theconceptsofvirtualmachine—四种虚拟方式(2.9)systembooting（概念、过程）Services:whatfunctionsdoestheOSprovideforOSusers,orsupportingprogramsexecuting,viewpointsofOSuserscomponents:howtoprovidetheseservices,viewpointsofOSdesigners/developersdevicecontrollersI/Odevicesmemorycontrollerssecondarymemory(disk,tape)CPUmainmemoryprogramExecution(dynamic)UserinterfacesfilesystemmanipulationcommunicationerrordetectionprocessmanagementmainmemorymanagementfilemanagementI/OsystemmanagementSecondarystoragemanagementnetworkingCommand-interpretersystemresourceallocationaccountingprotectionandsecurityOScomponents/functionshardwareservices(§2.1)(§1.2)Fig.2.0.1I/OoperationsdevicecontrollersI/Odevicesmemorycontrollerssecondarymemory(disk,tape)CPUmainmemoryCommandStatements:process,I/O,memory,file,protection,networking(GUI,MMI)OSkernels(partsofOScomponents,§2.7)Hardwaredrivers(chapter13)systemcalls(orAPI,§2.3/2.4)Command-interpretersystem(orShell,§2.2.1)PersonsApplicationprogramsOperatingsystemSystemPrograms(§2.5)SystemlibrariesCompilers,AssemblersLoader,linkage,debugerTexteditorsOthersystemsoftware,i.e.DBMS,MSOffice2000SystemsoftwarecommunicationFig.2.0.2UsersJan2010OperatingSystemConcepts-6summaryOSfeaturesDOSsimple/ill-structuredUnixkernelMachmicro-kernelOS2layeredSolarismoduleWindowsNT/XP，MacOSX(micro-)kernel+layeredJan2010OperatingSystemConcepts-7CHAPTER3(3.1)Processconcept:whyprocessesneeded,definitionofprocesses,processvs.programProcessstatesandstatetransitions!CPUswitch,PCB,componentsofprocesses(3.2)ProcessScheduling:schedulingqueues,long-term,medium-term,short-term,各自作用;ContextoftheprocessandcontextswitchProcesscreationandtermination(了解)Jan2010OperatingSystemConcepts-8CHAPTER3processcooperating:independentprocessorcooperatingprocessI/Oboundprocess,CPUboundprocessInterprocessCommunication:message-passingsystemmemory-sharingpipe,signalJan2010OperatingSystemConcepts-9CHAPTER4definitionofthread,benefitsofthread,processvs.threaduser-levelthreads(ULT)andkernel-levelthreads(KLT)multithreadingmodelsJan2010OperatingSystemConcepts-10CHAPTER5ConceptsaboutCPUscheduling§5.1:CPU-I/Obursts,scheduling,schedulervs.dispatcher,preemptivevs.nonpreemptivewhenCPUschedulingoccursSchedulingCriteria(§5.2)Severalschedulingalgorithms(§5.3):FIFO,SJFS,priority,RR,HRRF（做题）Jan2010OperatingSystemConcepts-11CHAPTER6Conceptsofsynchronizationshared/nonsharedresources,mutualexclusively,synchronizationinproducer-consumerproblem(Bounded-Buffer)Processessynchronizingmethodsonfourlevelsofcomputersystems:hardware,OS,systemprogramsorprogrammingenvironments,applicationsoftware(6.2)Critical-SectionProblem:threerequirementsforsolutionstocritical-sectionproblem（P194),generalstructureoftheprocess(Fig.6.1)Jan2010OperatingSystemConcepts-12CHAPTER6Semaphores:definitions,wait/signaloperators,physicalimplicationsforsemaphoresTwotypesofsemaphores,usageinmutualexclusionandsynchronization,Semaphoreimplementation：busy-waiting,non-busy-waitingConceptsofdeadlockandstarvationBounded-BufferProblem,Readers-WritersProblem,Dining-PhilosophersProblem：（1）基于信号量、管程的求解（2）应用题Monitors：概念、原理,structureJan2010OperatingSystemConcepts-13CHAPTER7Resource-allocationandDeadlock:conceptofdeadlocks,resource-allocationmodel(§7.1);Necessaryconditionsfordeadlock(§7.2);resource-allocationgraphThreemethodsfordeadlockhandling(§7.3,原理)Deadlockprevention(§7.4):nopreemptionbased,circularwaitbased(有序资源使用法)主要破坏的条件：hold-and-wait,circularwaitJan2010OperatingSystemConcepts-14Deadlockavoidance(§7.5)principle,resource-allocationstate,safestate,safesequence;Resource-AllocationGraphAlgorithmforthesystemswithonlyoneinstance;banker’sAlgorithm做题！Deadlockdetection-recovery(§7.6,§7.7)principle,detectionforsingle-instance-resourcesystem(wait-forgraph),detectionformultiple-instance-resourcesystem(thedetectionalgorithm),methodsforrecovery做题！CHAPTER7Jan2010OperatingSystemConcepts-15CHAPTER8SymbolAddressSpace，Logicalvs.PhysicalAddressSpace,Addressbinding(addressmappingamongthreeaddressspaces,地址变换与重定位)，compile-assembly-linkage-load-executing(Fig.8.3)三种地址变换时刻Baseregister,limitregisterandaddresstranslationandprotectionSwapping(概念)(8.3)ContiguousmemoryAllocation:principle,allocationmethod(fixed-sizedpartitions,可变分区法),algorithmsforselectingavailableholefortheincomingprocess,fragmentation,memoryprotectionJan201