搜索
MartinHeidegger(1889-1976)Hans-GeorgGadamer(1900一2002)MartinHeidegger(1889-1976)•HermeneuticsneverfounditspositioninthehistoryofphilosophyuntilHeideggerpromotedhermeneuticsfrommethodologytophilosophy.•WiththepublicationofhisbookBeingandtimein1962,MartinHeidegger(1889-1976)shiftedthefocusofhermeneuticsfromthemethodologicalleveltotheontological(本体论的）level.•Heconsidersthatunderstandingitselfistheexistingmodeofbeingandtheoriginalunderstandingisa“fore-structure”,whichconstitutesthe“angleofview”forBeing’sexistence.（将理解视为人的存在的本质特点）•ForHeidegger,everytranslationisinterpretationandallinterpretationistranslation.•InHeidegger’sPointofview,translationisthetransitionofthemeaningsratherthantheliteraltransferencebetweenthelanguages.Inordertoachievethemeaningtransference(意义的转渡）,thefirstandforemostthingtodoistounderstandandillustrateallkindsoftextsfromtheperspectiveofHermeneutics.•Alltheinterpretationispreconditionedonthefore-understanding（在先的理解）whilethisfore-understandingnotonlyholdsdownbutalsoregulatestheinterpretation,whichmaylettheinterpretationfallintoacircle.•Heideggerputforwardhisfamousfore-structureofunderstandinginhistheories.•Theso-calledfore-structurecontainsthreesections:for-having(先有）,fore-sight（先见）andfore-conception（先概念）,whichareveryimportantintranslation.•“Fore-having”referstothehistoryandtraditionexistinginaspecificcommunitybeforeeverybodyisborn.Itisthepresuppositionforustointerprettextsandtounderstandourownhistory,cultureandtradition.•“Fore-sight”referstothelinguisticnotion(basedonitwecouldthinkandinterpret)andthemodeoflanguageapplication.Linguisticnotionitselfmaybringfore-understandingtointerpreterandthequestionheisthinking.•“Fore-concept”includesthenotion,presuppositionandsuppositionbeforeunderstandingoccurs.Itformsthejumping-offpointfordiscoveringtheveiledandisanecessaryconditionforunderstanding.•Wheneversomethingisinterpretedassomething,theinterpretationwillbefoundedessentiallyuponfore-having,fore-sight,andfore-conception.Aninterpretationisneverapresuppositionlessapprehendingofsomethingpresentedtous.Hans-GeorgGadamer(1900-2002)•Hans-GeorgGadamer(1900一2002),today’smostprominentfigureinthefieldofphilosophicalhermeneutics,inheritedHeidegger’stheoryandsystematicallyestablishedphilosophicalhermeneuticsbypublishinghismasterpieceTruthandMethod.•InGadamer’shermeneutics,hemadefurtherresearchesonthenotionsof“historicityofunderstanding”,“prejudice”and“fusionofhorizons”undertheenlightenmentfromHeidegger,Whichopenedanewpathtotranslationstudies.TheHistoricityofUnderstanding•Thehistoricityofunderstanding(理解的历史性）isthefirstandforemostprincipleofGadamer’sphilosophicalhermeneutics.•Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatunderstandingisthepreconditionoftranslation.•AccordingtoGadamer,allhumanbeingsliveincertainsurroundingsandbelongtoacertainhistoricalperiodoftime.Andnoonecouldgetridofhishistoricallimitations.Besidesthat,boththetranslatorandthetextstobetranslatedexisthistorically.•Theactofunderstandingishistoricalbecauseof“man’sfinite,historicalmodeofbeing”.•Thehistoricityofunderstandingconsistsofthreeaspects:first,theexistingsocialandhistoricalfactorsbeforetheinterpreterunderstands;second,theconstituentsoftheobjectsofunderstanding;lastbutnotleast,thevaluesdeterminedbythesocialpractice.•Thehistoricityofunderstandingillustratesthehistoricityofthesubjectandobjectinvolvedinunderstanding.Itisimpossibleforthesubjecttoobtainanabsolutelyobjectiveunderstanding.•Translationisnotapassivereproductionofthetextbutacreativeactivity,whichshowsthevalueoftranslationalsubjectsandtheinevitableinvolvementofsubjectivity.Prejudice•Gadamerholdstheviewpointthatunderstandingandinterpretationareinevitablycarriedoutincertainhistoricalconditionsandconventions.Differenthistoricalperiodsprovidepeoplewithdifferent“prejudice”.•Togetherwithhistoricityofunderstandinginhisphilosophicalhermeneutics,fore-understanding”,isconsideredasthepreconditionsforthelegitimacyofprejudicebyGadamer,whoclaimedthat“itdoesnotnecessarilymeanafalsejudgment,butapartoftheideathatitcanbeapositiveandnegativevalue.Theconceptof‘prejudice’isactuallywherewecanmakeabeginning”.•AccordingtoGadamer,‘‘prejudice”canbedividedintotwotypes.Thefirsttypeis“legitimateprejudice”or‘‘productiveprejudice”whichisendowedbyhistoryandhaspositivevalue.•Thistypeofprejudice,whichistheheritageofhistory,makescognitionpossible.Itconstitutesourbeingandformsthepremiseofunderstanding.It’simpossibleforhumanbeingstogetridofthissortofprejudice.Insteadoffightingoffthelegitimateprejudice,weshouldfirstaffirmitsexistenceandmakegooduseofit.•Theothersortofprejudiceisacquiredandwrong.Henceitiscalled‘blindprejudice‘byGadamerandshouldbemodifiedoreliminatedbecausethissortofprejudiceconstitutesthebarrierofwrongunderstanding.Anditisalimitlessprocesstocorrectandeliminatewrongprejudices.•Prejudice,preoccupiedwiththeaccumulationandinheritanceofhistoryandtraditionwhichistheobjectiveentityfortheinterpretationofthetext,turnstobepreferenceininterpreter’sunderstanding.Andtheprejudiceofatranslatorisnotanobstacletounderstanding.Whattranslatorsaree