(共26套)全国通用最新中考英语语法讲义及配套练习汇总(含所有中考语法知识)

（共26套）全国通用最新中考英语语法讲义及配套练习汇总（含所有中考语法知识）被动语态一、被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被、受、给”等被动词来表示被动意义。其结构是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词done”构成的。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化与时态中的变化一致。各种时态的被动语态结构表（以动词do为例）：时态被动语态例句一般现在时am/is/are+doneTheclassroomiscleanedbyus.教室被我们打扫。一般过去时was/were+doneThekitewasmadebyhimyesterday.昨天，风筝被他制作。现在进行时am/is/are+being+doneFlowersarebeingwateredbyher.花儿现在正在被她浇。现在完成时have/has+been+doneTheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.工作已经被做完。一般将来时will/shall/begoingto+bedoneTreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.明天，树将被他们种。过去进行时was/were+being+doneAletterwasbeingwrittenbyheratthistimeyesterday.昨天的这个时候一封信正在被写。过去完成时had+been+doneTheworkhadbeenfinishedbyJim.工作早已经被他完成了。含有情态动词can/may/must+be+doneHecanbefoundbyme.他不能被发现。二、被动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。例：Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.这座桥是去年建造的。Hewaselectedchairman.他被选为主席。2.当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。例：Theroomhasn’tbeencleanedyet.房间还没有打扫。Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.老虎被他杀死了。3.当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。例：Thewindowwasblownbywind.窗户被风吹开了。知识精讲Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。一、考点：被动语态的句子结构和用法。二、重难点：谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义：1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。例：Thiskindofclothwasheswell.这种布料很好洗。2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等，以主动形式表示被动意义。例：Howdothenewspaperscomeout?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3.系动词没有被动形式，但感官系动词feel,sound,taste,look,smell在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例：Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。三、易错点：1.在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加上介词to。例：Thegreatnewsmadeherfeelhappy.可改为Shewasmadetofeelhappybythegreatnews.Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.2.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例：ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.这场会议将会推迟到周五。3.“动词+宾语+宾补”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例：Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4.有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例：Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.三点剖析题模一：主动语态变为被动语态例1.1.1主动语态变为被动语态：Ihaveboughtaten-speedbicycle.____________________________________________例1.1.2主动语态变为被动语态：Theoldmaniswateringflowersinthegarden.____________________________________________例1.1.3主动语态变为被动语态：Theboyalwaysplaysthecomputergamesatnight.____________________________________________题模二：基本用法例1.2.1Theboy_________togetsupperreadyafterschool.A．weretoldB．istellingC．wastoldD．tells例1.2.2Thisdictionarymustn’t_________fromthelibrary.A．takeawayB．takenawayC．aretakenawayD．betakenaway随练1.1将下列句子变成被动语态。1.Theythrewawaytheoldbookyesterday____________________________________________2.Hehadwrittenalettertohismother.____________________________________________3.Peoplehaveseenthebearinthisvillage.____________________________________________4.Theworkersarerepairingthebridge.___________________________________________5.Youshouldn’tbringdictionarytotheEnglishexam.___________________________________________随练1.2Thiskindofbookssellswell.They_________already.A．soldoutB．havesoldoutC．aresoldoutD．havebeensoldout题模精选随堂练习随练1.3---Yourcoatlooksnice.Isit_________wool?---Yes.Itis_________Australia.A．madeof,makebyB．madeof,madeinC．madefor,madeinD．madefrom,madeby随练1.4Thepizza_________bymymother.Wouldyouliketohavesome?A．makesB．wasmakingC．madeD．wasmade随练1.5Theclassroommust_________everyday.A．bekeptcleanB．bekeptcleaningC．keepcleanedD．keepsclean随练1.6A．talkonChinesehistory_________intheschoolhallnextweek.A．isgivenB．hasbeengivenC．willbegivenD．gives随练1.7Ourhouse_________now.A．ispaintB．isbeingpaintedC．isgotpaintedD．hasgottopaint作业1将下列句子变成被动语态。1.Haveyoupostedthelettersyet?___________________________________________2.Imustdoalltheexerciseintime.___________________________________________3.Wearediscussingtheprojectatthemeeting.___________________________________________4.EveryyearourofficeholdsaflowershowintheparkinApril.___________________________________________5.Hehadfinishedtheworkbytheendoflastterm.___________________________________________自我总结作业2Mary_________showmehernewdictionaryyesterday.A．wasaskedtoB．hasaskedtoC．isaskedD．asksto作业3ThePeople’sRepublicofChina_________onOctober1,1949.A．foundB．wasfoundedC．isfoundedD．wasfound作业4ThisEnglishsong_________bythegirlsafterclass.A．oftensingsB．oftensangC．isoftensangD．isoftensung作业5Wastepapershouldn’t_________here.A．throwB．bethrownC．tobethrownD．tothrow作业6Anewhouse_________atthecorneroftheroadnow.A．isbeingbuiltB．isbuildingC．beenbuiltD．bebuild作业7Hisnewbook_________nextmonth.A．isbeingpublishedB．ispublishingC．willbepublishedD．hasbeenpublished答案解析题模一：主动语态变为被动语态例1.1.1【答案】A．ten-speedbicyclehasbeenboughtbyme.【解析】考查被动语态。现在完成时被动语态的结构是has/havebeendone。例1.1.2【答案】Theflowersarebeingwateredinthegardenbytheoldman.【解析】考查被动语态。现在进行时被动语态的结构是is/are/am+beingdone。被动语态题模精选例1.1.3【答案】Thecomputergamesareplayedbytheboyatnight.【解析】考查被动语态。一般现在时被动语态的结构是am/i