介词形容词和副词

第四讲介词介词通常连接名词或代词，表示空间/时间或逻辑上的关系。空间：over,above,below,under,near,inbackof,across,along,past,up…时间：since,for,through,on,during…其他：by(car),with,without,in(red),of,insteadof,for,as,except…介词短语和短语介词介词短语是介词加介词宾语构成；短语介词是一个相当于介词的词组。如：Thereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.infrontof是短语介词，infrontofthehouse是介词短语。介词短语的句法功能：除谓语外的所有成分1.FromAtoBisa5minutes’walk.(主语)2.Iamathomenow.(表语)。3.Fredcameoutfrombehindthetree.(宾语)4.Sheisawomanofstrongcharacter.(定语)5.Hewokeupandfoundhimselfinbed.(补语)6.We’llmeetatthestation.(状语)介词的搭配介词常和形容词/名词/动词等构成固定搭配。介词＋名词（如：inEnglish,athome,onfire…）形容词＋介词（如：crazyabout,surprisedat,patientwith,similarto,relatedto…）动词＋介词（如：argueabout,lookfor,laughatapplyto,providewith,subscribeto,stopfrom…）介词的省略1.在last,wait等动词后表示一段时间。如：Ourholidaysaretolastforthreeweeks.Hewaitedforsome20minutes.2.在以this,that,next,last,yesterday,one,every,someany和all等开始的表示时间的词组前。Callin（来一趟）thiseveningifpossible.3.在(in)this/thesame/anotherway,等词组里常省略。填写最恰当的介词：a.You’realwaysaskingme___money.b.I’veapplied____ajobatthefactory.Idon’tknowifIcangetit.c.Tomorrowtheywillleave____Venice.d.Thetwinswereborn___aFridayevening.e.Onthesadnews,shecouldn’tconcentrate___herwork.f.Thisarticleconsists___fourparts.g.Theyaccusedthelittleboy___stealingmoney.H.Oneofmymainduties_as___ateacheristohelpthestudentstobecomebetterlearners.I._with___theninemillionpeopleintheSouth,morethanthreemillionwereslaves,manyofwhomwouldfightfortheNorth.J.Weputthemeetingoff__untilnextSaturday.K.She’slateforschool.Wakeher__.练习答案a.forb.forc.ford.one.onf.ofg.ofh.asi.Withj.offk.up第五讲形容词和副词形容词描写修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的归宿、状态、大小或数量等。可分为：1.简单～：small,lucky,boring,amazed2.复合～：duty-free,sugar-coated,icy-cold3.限制性～(去掉会影响名词的意义)：aCatholicchurch(一座天主教堂)aChinesedish（一道中国菜）4.非限制性～：adeliciousChinesedishagrandCatholicchurch（一座宏伟的天主教堂）形容词的句法功能1.作定语It’saninterestingbook.2.作表语Thebookisinteresting.3.作补语Ifindthebookinteresting.4.作主语或宾语Thericharenotalwayshappy.Thereislackofcommunicationbetweentheyoungandtheold.5.作状语You’dbeterdrinktheteahot.形容词比较级1.单音节形容词后直接加ertall–taller,cold–colder2.以e结尾的单音节形容词后加rLate–laternice–nicer3.以辅音+元音+辅音结尾的单音节词，双写最后一个辅音再加上er.Mad–maddersad–sadderhot-hotter4.以辅音+y结尾的双音节形容词，把y去掉，再加ierangry–angrierhappy–happier5.一些双音节词，后面直接加er.narrow–narrowerquiet–quieter6.其他双音节词或多音节词前面加more.Capable–morecapableCareful–morecarefulDifficult–moredifficult7.下列形容词采用不规则比较级形式：Good–betterBad–worseLittle–lessMany–moreFar–farther/furtherOld–older/elder名词化的形容词——常与定冠词连用Thesickweresenthome.They’llbuildaschoolforthedeafandtheblind.（泛指一类的人，看作复数）Oneofthelocalstoldmehowtogotothestation.（有个当地人…可加复数词尾s)We’lltakeourfinalsnextweek.形容词的比较-——原级、比较级和最高级原级的基本结构有：1.as＋形容词原级＋as:astallashisfather2.asmany/much＋可数/不可名词＋asHeearnsasmuchmoneyashisfatherdoes.3.as＋形容词原级＋a＋可数名词单数＋asHeisasgoodateacherashisfather.形容词的比较级结构1.比较级＋than:AisbiggerthanB.2.比较级＋名词/形容词＋than:Ididmoreworkthanhedid.AismoreinterestingthanB.3.Themore…,themore…Thehigher,thecolder.形容词最高级1.在形容词前面加上定冠词the,然后在形容词尾加est.young–theyoungestnice-thenicesthappy–thehappiest2.一些双音节或多音节形容词最高级在形容词前加themostThemostpopularthemostimportant3.下列形容词最高级时不规则的Good–thebestFar–farthest/furthestMany–themostBad–theworstLittle–theleast4.形容词前加theleast,表示形容词最高级的否定式。Theleastpopular最不受欢迎的Theleastfamous最不有名的形容词最高级的基本结构：the＋最高级＋比较范围（介词of/in/that从句Thisisthebestofall.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveseen.Tomisthetallestboyinhisclass.形容词的位置一个名词被几个形容词修饰时，名词前面形容词的排序是：首先，限定词(some,a,the,my,this)其次，主观描述性形容词（表明说话者态度）(good,beautiful,comfortable)接着，表事实的描述性形容词：大小（big,small,large）-形状(round,square)-新旧/年龄(young,new,old)-颜色-国籍出处(English,American)质地材料(wood,stone,silk)最后，中心名词.几个美味的日本红苹果：severaldeliciousredJapaneseapples翻译练习他最喜欢的黑丝绸衬衫所有友好的新同事三个贵重的古旧中国花瓶一位中国古代著名的诗人一张大的圆木桌一个黑色小塑料袋翻译答案hisfavoriteblacksilkshirtallthefriendlynewcolleaguesthreevaluableoldChiesevasesafamousancientChinesepoetalargeroundwoodentableasmallblackplasticbag练习1.I’mstillhungry.CouldIhavetwo____piecesofbread?A.muchB.manyC.moreD.most2.It’s____________book.A.anattractiveyellowlittleB.anattractivelittleoldyellowC.alittleoldattractiveyellowD.alittleoldyellowattractive答案：cb改错题1.Allthisisinterestedandgoodforyourhealth.2.Iwoulddescribemyselfasshyandquietly.3.Itseemsdifficultformetodothingswellasthem.theydo4.Theyfoundhowterriblythesituationwas.答案1.interested–interesting2.quietly–quiet3.them–theydo4.terribly-terrible副词副词——修饰动词、形容词、其他副词等。副词的句法功能1.状语：Heworkshard.（修饰动词）Heisveryhappy.（修饰形容词）You’dwriteclearlyenoughforustoread.（修饰另一个副词）Theyarrivedjustontime.（修饰介词短语）Luckily,shehasn’tgotmuchhurt.（修饰整句）副词与形容词的关系二者关系密切，很多形容词加上后缀变成副词。大部分形容词和副词形式不同，但有些相同。如；Heworkshard.Heisahardworker.Youareright.Putitrightinthemiddle.Heworkswell.Hedoesn'tfeelwell.2.作表语Jerryisnotinatthemoment3.作补语WhenIgotontheisland,Ifoundnobodyabout.（about作宾语补语）当我上了那个岛时，我发现周围没有一个人。4.作定语Thethingsherearecheap.(here作thing后置定语)练习1.Whenthefamoussingerstartedtosing,everyonebegantoshoutvery__.a.loudlyb.loudc.heavilyd.high2.LiMingdidhiswork_____.Soheleftofficelast.A.easilyB.quicklyc.happilyd.slowly3.Thelightisn’t_____formetoread.A.enoughbrightB.bright