搜索
LessonSixExplodingTourismErodingChina’sRiches旅游业的迅猛发展损害着中国丰富的古代文化宝藏•scenicspots•placesofhistoricalinterest•historicsites•touristattraction•(holiday)resort•naturalandculturalheritage•景点•名胜古迹•历史古迹•游览胜地•度假胜地•自然和文化遗产CulturalHeritageinChina•Culturalheritagereferstomonuments,groupsofbuildingsandsiteswithhistorical,aesthetic,archaeological,scientific,ethnologicaloranthropo’logicalvalues.•AccordingtoUNESCO,theideaofcreatinganinternationalmovementforprotectinghistoricalsitesintheworldemergedafterWorldWarI,firstbysavingtheAbuSimbeltemplesinEgypt.阿布辛贝勒神庙•阿斯旺的旅游重点,位于阿斯旺以南280千米处,建于公元前1300-前1233年,是古埃及最伟大的法老拉美西斯二世(RamsesⅡ)所建,也是新帝国的法老王时代最受保护的遗迹。•OnNovember16,1972,theConventionConcerningtheProtectionofWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritagewasadoptedbytheGeneralConferenceofUNESCO.•ThepurposeofUNESCO’sWorldHeritageLististodrawattentiontopartsofhumanity’sheritagethataresoimportant,andhavesuchoutstandinguniversalvalue,thattheymustbepreservedforfuturegenerations.•InNovember1985,theStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople'sCongress(NPC)inChinaagreedtojointhisconvention.•Chinaboastsalongbrillianthistoryreflectedinitsexceptionalrichculturalheritage.Todate,morethan400,000unmovableculturalpropertieshavebeendefinedinChina,outofwhichnearly70,000monumentsandsiteswereplacedunderprovincial,municipalandcountyprotectionand1,271wereentitledbytheStateCouncilKeyCulturalHeritageUnitesunderNationalprotection;30Chinesepropertiesincluding26culturalandmixedsiteshavebeeninscribedontheWorldHeritageList;103citiesand22towns(villages)weredesignatedbytheStateCouncilasCitiesandTowns(Villages)ofRecognizedHistoricalandCulturalvalues.•中国历史悠久，拥有极为丰富的文化遗产。据统计，目前我国已有包括古迹遗址在内的不可移动文物40余万处，其中近7万处被公布为各级文物保护单位，1271处被国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位；拥有世界遗产30处，其中世界文化遗产和文化、自然混合遗产26处；已公布的国家级历史文化名城103座，国家级历史文化名镇、名村22个。GeneralinformationaboutDunhuangGeneralinformationaboutDunhuang•敦煌莫高窟•戈壁滩•丝绸之路•飞天•壁画•Mogaocaves/grottoes•theGobiDesert•SilkRoad•flyingapsaras/angels•wallpaintings;murals；fresco•Tothosewhohaveheardofit,Dunhuang,GansuProvince,isamagicalplace:thevastexpanseofdesert,thevividBuddhistimagesintheMogaocaves,theonceflourishingSilkRoadtrade,thehometownofflyingapsaras,andthevigorousandboldpeople.Itisoneofthebrilliantpearlsoftheworldtreasurehouse.Fewpeople,however,knowthestoriesbehindtheland.•敦煌，是中国历史文化名城之一，古称沙洲，位于甘肃省河西走廊西端，是古丝绸之路上的一颗明珠。汉武帝元鼎六年(公元前111年)设置敦煌郡，汉唐时期形成灿烂的敦煌文化，留下了众多的名胜古迹。•ItwasEuropeanswhore-openedtheroadintheirsearchfortheancientSilkRoadcities.Ithappenedinthelatterpartofthelastcentury.ThesetourscanbeginverylogicallyinXi’an,proceedingviaLanzhouandtheJiayuguanPasstotheMogaoCavesofDunhuang,andthentoTurpan吐鲁番,Urumqi乌鲁木齐andKashi喀什.04-8-5•Thelocationandoriginofthename:–DunhuangliesatthewesternendoftheGansuCorridor,calledHexiZoulang(河西走廊).–InChinese“Dun”meansmagnificentand“Huang”prosperous,sothenameDunhuangoriginallymeantprosperingandflourishing--ahintthatDunhuangmustoncehavebeenanimportantcity.ItspositionattheintersectionoftwotraderouteswaswhatmadeDunhuangflourish.•Zhangqian,sentbyEmperorWuofHanDynastyinthe2ndcenturyB.C.,visitedtheWesternRegionsandthusstartedthecommercialroutewhichiscalledSilkRoad.Thecomingandgoingofhorseandcamelcaravanscarriednewthoughts,ideas,artsandsciencestotheEastandWest.IndianBuddhismalsospreadtoCentralPlainatthattime.•Whyweretheresomanycavesandstatues?–ItissaidthatinthefourthcenturyaBuddhistmonkhadavisionof1000Buddhas,andbegantocarvegrottoesintothesandstonecliffandfillthemwithBuddhistimages.Theywereabandonedandforgotteninaroundthe11thcenturyuntilStein斯坦因andotherarchaeologistsarrivedtocarryawayhugequantitiesofmanuscripts,textilesandotherartobjects.HoweverMogaoremainsabrillianttroveofstatuesandwallpaintingsfromthe4thto10thcenturies.•DunhuangGrottoesarenotonlythenationaltreasureofChina,butalsotheculturalheritageofthewholeworld.–In1962,itwasclassifiedasoneofthefirsthistoricalrelicsunderprotectionofthestatebytheStateCouncil国务院列为首批国家重点保护文物。–andin1991,theworldnaturalandculturalheritagebyUNESCO.–中国最值得外国人去的五十个地方”之一textAsia:FromtheGobiDeserttotheGreatWall,visitorsareviewedasrichsourcesofcash.Thedamagetheydoisoftenignored.Questions1.WhatactivitiesareharmingancientBuddhistgrottoes?2.Whoturnedthecavesintothepaintedshrines?3.Whathavecausedthedamageofthecaves?4.WhatisthegreatestscourgeoftheMogaocaves?5.Aremuralsingoodshape?6.IstheplightoftheMogaocavesuniqueinChina?Andtrytoexplorethereasons.7.DoestheChinesegovernmentrealizethatit’stimetopreserveChina’sheritage?8.Whyisitdifficultfortheauthoritiestopreventthoseculturalmonumentsfrombeingdestroyed?9.HowdoesthereportdescribethecurrentconditionoftheCityofDunhuang?10.WhatcausedsomuchannoyancetoFanJInshi?11.Inordertoreducethenegativeeffectsoftourismwhatmeasureshavebeentaken?1.Toomanytouristsandtheirbreathingareharmingthem.(Paragraph1)2.TheMogaocavescontainamillennium’sworthofworkbytravelersalongtheoldSilkRoadwhoturnedcountlesssmallcavesintostunninglypaintedshrines.(note4)•CarveddirectlyintoaclifffaceintheGobiDesert,theMogaocavescontainamillennium’sworthofworkbytravelersalongtheoldsilkRoadwhoturnedcountlesssmallcavesintostunninglypaintedshr