年产30万吨乙酸乙酯的工艺设计

年产30万吨乙酸乙酯的工艺设计摘要乙酸乙酯是重要的精细化工原料。它是一种具有优异溶解性能和快干性能的溶剂，已广泛应用于生产中。目前，乙酸乙酯的工业生产方法已趋于成熟，而乙醛缩合法因其具有原料来源广泛、绿色、环保等优点在众多生产方法中脱颖而出最具发展前景。本设计采用乙醛缩合法，对工艺中的主要设备进行物料与能量衡算，并对乙酸乙酯的精馏塔、反应器进行了设计选型。根据设计要求对设备进行选型。就脱乙醇塔而言，塔体压力为常压，回流比取3，操作条件：XD=99%、XW=0.01。计算出塔板数为46块，塔高22.4m。对塔体的主要尺寸设计：精馏段：算得堰长为0.72m，出口堰高为0.045m，堰宽为0.106m，降液管底隙高度为0.028m；提馏段：算得堰长为1.2，出口堰高为0.049m，堰宽为0.176m，降液管底隙高度为0.027m。对于反应器选择连续型搅拌反应釜：算得筒体高度4.8m，筒体和封头直径3m，内筒筒体厚度为10mm。设计中，首先根据工艺操作的要求和特点，参照相关工艺的资料，绘制工艺流程图，然后根据工艺计算结构设计的最终数据画出主要设备图。设计满足安全生产要求，而且经济合理。关键词：乙酸乙酯，乙醛缩合法，物料衡算，精馏塔，工艺流程图PRODUCTIONDESIGNWITHANANNUALOUTPUTOF300THOUSANDSTONSOFETHYLACETATEABSTRACTEthylacetateisanimportantfinechemicalrawmaterial.Itisakindofexcellentsolubilityandfast-dryingsolvent,hasbeenwidelyusedinproduction.Atpresent,theindustrialproductionofethylacetatehavebeenmoreandmoremature,andthecondensationofacetaldehydebecauseofitswiderawmaterialsources,green,environmentalprotectionandotheradvantagesstandoutfrommanyproductionmethodsinthemostdevelopmentprospect.Thecondensationofacetaldehydehadbeenusedinthedesign,materialandenergybalancecalculationofthemainprocessequipment,anddistillationtower,reactorforethylacetateweredesignselection.Accordingtothedesignrequirements,weselectedthesuitableequipment.Asfarasalcoholtower,thetowerbodywasatatmosphericpressure,refluxratiowas3,theoperatingconditions:XD=99%,XW=0.01.Wecouldcalculatethattheplatenumberwas46,theheightofthetowerwas22.4m.Themaindimensionsdesignoftowerbody:rectifyingsection:thelengthoftheweirwas0.72m,theoutletheightoftheweirwas0.045m,thewidthwas0.106m,thedowncomerheightofthebottomclearancewas0.028m;strippingsection:thelengthofweirwas1.2mr,theoutletheightoftheweirwas0.049m,thewidthwas0.176m,thedowncomerheightofthebottomclearancewas0.027m.Thereactorwasselectedcontinuousstirredtankreactor:theheightofcylinderwas4.8mbycalculation,thediameterofcylinderandheadwas3m,thethicknessoftheinnercylinderwas10mm.Inthedesign,accordingtotheprocessrequirementsandcharacteristics,referencetotherelatedprocessdata,wecoulddrawaprocessflowdiagram,thenaccordingtotheprocessofstructuredesignandcalculationofthefinaldatatodrawthemainequipment.Thedesignsatisfiedtherequirementofsafeproduction,andreasonableineconomy.KEYWORDS:ethylacetate,acetaldehyde,materialbalance,distillation,processflowdiagram符号说明符号意义单位A传热面积m2Af弓形降液管面积m2AT塔截面积m2C气体负荷系数m/sCP定压比热容kJ/(kg·℃)D精馏塔直径md0阀孔直径mE液流收缩系数ET全塔效率ev雾沫夹带量kg液/kg气F原料液流量kmol/hH塔高mHB塔底空间高度mHD塔顶空间高度mHd降液管内清液层高度mHF进料板处高度mhc干板阻力m液柱hl板上充气液层阻力m液柱hp气相通过浮阀塔板的压降m液柱hw出口堰高mhow堰上液层高度mK0传热系数W/(m2·℃)L精馏塔液相流量kmol/hlw堰长mMAA物质的分子量N实际塔板数块P操作压力KPaΔPp单层塔板压降Pat物料温度℃mt平均温度差℃u速度m/sV精馏塔气相流量kmol/hWd弓形降液管宽度mWs破沫区宽度mdx馏出液中易挥发组分摩尔分数fx原料液中易挥发组分摩尔分数Wx釜残液中易挥发组分摩尔分数相对挥发度θ液体在降液管中停留时间sρL液相密度kg/m3ρv气相密度kg/m3t孔心距mμl粘度Pas目录摘要......................................................I前言......................................................9第1章工艺流程的确定.....................................16§1.1本课题设计的内容和要求...........................16§1.1.1设计要求....................................16§1.1.2具体设计内容................................16§1.2设计方案的确定...................................16§1.2.1设计原理....................................17§1.2.2工艺流程....................................18第2章物料衡算...........................................20§2.1数据采集...................................20§2.1.1全流程的工艺数据............................20§2.1.2催化剂的配方................................20§2.1.3操作条件....................................20§2.1.4原料和产品的控制指标........................21§2.2一步缩合反应釜的物料衡算........................22§2.3二步缩合反应釜的物料衡算.........................23§2.4单效蒸发器的物料衡算.............................24§2.5脱乙醛塔的物料衡算...............................26§2.6脱乙醇塔的物料衡算...............................27§2.7脱重组分塔物料衡算...............................28第3章热量衡算...........................................30§3.1基本数据.........................................30§3.2一步缩合反应釜的热量衡算.........................31§3.3二步缩合釜热量衡算..............................32§3.4单效蒸发器的热量衡算.............................32§3.5冷凝器的热量衡算.................................34§3.6脱乙醛塔的热量衡算...............................35§3.6.1再沸器的热负荷..............................35§3.6.2冷凝器的冷凝量..............................36§3.7脱乙醇塔的热量衡算...............................36§3.7.1再沸器的热负荷..............................36§3.7.2冷凝器的冷凝量..............................37§3.8脱重组分精馏塔的热量衡算.........................37§3.8.1再沸器的热负荷..............................37§3.8.2冷凝器的冷凝量..............................38第4章设备选型及车间布置经济核算.........................39§4.1缩合釜的设计.....................................39§4.1.1缩合釜体的设计..............................39§4.1.2搅拌装置的设计.............................41§4.2单效蒸发器的设计与选型..........................42§4.2.1蒸发器的选择理由...........................42§4.2.2蒸发器计算与设计...........................42§4.3脱乙醛塔的设计与计算.............................44§4.3.1基础数据....................................45§4.3.2塔径的确定..................................48§4.3.3塔板结构设计................................49§4.3.4塔板布置....................................51§4.3.5流体力学验算................................52§4.3.6塔高的确定..............................