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英语十大词类词类名称句法作用词形变化实词名词Noun(n.)表示人或事物的名称1.有单数名词和复数名词、不可数名词和可数名词之分。2.复数名词变化形式多样；3.另有少数单、复数形式相同或变形较特殊的名词。4.有所有格形式“’s”.代词Pronoun(prop.)代替名词，形容词，数词等代词分为：人称、物主、反身、相互、指示、疑问、连接、不定、关系代词九大类。数词Numeral(num.)表示数目和顺序绝大多数序数词由基数词加the构成。动词Verb(v.)表示动作或状态一般有原形、过去式、过去分词、不定式、v—ing式（动名词和现在分词）等形式。形容词Adjective(adj.)修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质和特征1.有原级，比较级，最高级的词形变化。2.有10来个形容词和副词的变形较特殊。副词Adverb(adv.)用来修饰动词，形容词或副词有比较级和最高级的词形变化。虚词冠词Article(art.)表示事物的泛指或特指，限制名词的意义a在元音开头的词前时改为an,“只看音素（标），不看字母”。介词Preposition(prep.)表示名词或代词和其他词的关系主要与名词类词语构成介词词组；与名词、形容词、动词构成千千万万的惯用搭配和灵活搭配。连词Conjunction(conj.)连接词与词、短语与短语、句和句无感叹词Interjection(interj.)表示说话的感情和语气无短文改错—解题技巧What’sthemaintroublewhencorrectingacomposition?1.看不出句子是否有错。2.看出句子出错的地方,但无法改正。3.知道改正句子错误的地方,但答案不正确。Anyrules？Anyskills？Howtocorrect？1.浏览全文，掌握大意。Gothroughthewholepassagetogetageneralidea.2.分句阅读，逐行找错。Readthepassagesentencebysentenceandfindthemistakes.3.检查核对，攻克难点Readthepassageforthethirdtime,checktheanswersandcorrectthedifficultones.4.规范答题，不超十个。2006-2010高考短文改错错题考点分布统计表动词名词冠词形副词代词连词介词时态非谓语200612012111200710112112200812111102200912111012201021211101项目年份测试点分布词法句法行文逻辑1、名词2、动词3、代词4、冠词5、介词6、形容词、副词动词形，名词数．还要注意形和副．代词格，细领悟介词短语须关注．冠词连词常光顾．短文改错口诀：非谓语，细辨别句子成分多分析．习惯逻辑要记住．句法行文逻辑请先念一遍咒语吧一、动词形1.动词的时态和语态错误.高考链接1：However,myfatherhadtoreturntoworkonMondaysoweflybacklastSaturday.(2011全国）flewGrowingupisnoteasy.Sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.（2008全国）needed2.主、谓不一致的错误.高考链接:Istayedthereforoneandahalfhoursandmadesurethatthegirlwereallright.(2009全国卷2)wasGoodnightandremember,you,deardiary,ismyonlysouvenirfrommypastlifeandmyonlyfriend.(2013浙江)are3.非谓语动词错误高考链接:IwasattheShanghaiRailwayStationbuyatickettoHangzhou.（2011新课标全国卷）buyingIwasreallydisappointingandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutofabuilding.(2011陕西卷)disappointedSolution(1)通读全文，搞清文中动词时态的主旋律.(2)结合语境，灵活运用时态形式.(2)仔细审查，主语管制.(3)认真推敲，准确把握谓语与非谓语.(4)格外审视，主动语态与被动语态的混用，尤其被动语态中分词的词形.5.Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,whichwillnotbeserved…drunklikesexcitingHaving1.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherlikethefilm.2.Whentheycamehere,Iwillshowthem.3.TeainChinawastraditionallydrankfromcupswithouthandles.4.Ifoundthegameexcitedandmydadexplainedtherules.practicecome_____二、名词数指名词单、复数形式及可数名词与不可数名词的用法错误。高考链接2：Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.（2011新课标全国卷）luggageInearlyJanuarythisyear,therateofUFOreportswassteady,aroundthreeperweeks.(2011辽宁卷）weekIt’sashametobreakyourwords.Youshouldmeanwhatyousay.word1.理清可数与不可数名词之间的区别与联系。2.记清一些固定词组中名词的特殊用法。3.根据语境辨别名词单复数Solutionchange/changes,word/words,experience/experiences,1.Don’tlosehearts,you’llbesuccessfulintime.2.Ineedsomemoreinformations.3.Thesemachineslookthesame,buttheyareofdifferentkind.4.TherearetwogirlsfrommycoursehereandIplantomakefriendwiththem.heartinformationkindspractice绝不可数名词progress,furniture,weather,fun,news,information,adviceequpment……friends三、还要注意形和副１．形容词和副词的误用高考链接3：Whenshedroppedmeoff,Ipulledoutthetoyslowandgaveitback.（2011浙江卷）slowlyIgottothefinishinglinefirst.Iwontherace.Ifeltveryproudlyofmyself.(2007浙江)proudHehasacomfortableroom,patientlynurses,andagreatdealoftimetoread.(2009陕西卷)patient.解题策略(1)熟知形容词和副词的句法功能.(2)理清短文中形容词和副词比较等级的关系.(3)结合短文内容，准确使用形容词和副词.１修饰名词、be动词、系动词要用形容词；２修饰动词、形容词、整个句子用副词；Thedoctorsaysheisrecoveringfastthanexpected.(2009陕西）faster2．Adj./adv级的混用或误用.1.Heaskedangryifwehadfinishedthework.2.Yes,itisclearlythatyourlifeinyourcountryisquitedifferentfrommine.3.Hisfatherlooksmuchmorehappiertoday.angrilyclear4.SoIgratefulacceptedtheoffer.gratefullypractice四、非谓语，细辨别高考链接4：2007浙江卷：Icouldnottorunveryfastandfellbehind.2007宁夏卷：LiMengcameseemeeveryday.to这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。SoIhelpedthemgoingtothenearesthospital.(2009全国卷2)goMyclassmate,Joseph,isatpresentinhospitalwithabreakingleg.(2009陕西卷)broken(1)纵观全文或全句，明确句中动词所作的句子成分.(2)系统掌握非谓语动词的句法功能.(3)前后联系，整体把握.解题策略Note:(1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用.(2)非谓语动词之间的混用.(3)在并列结构中谓语与非谓语动词的误用.1)MyparentswilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.to2)Wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.talking3)SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmyselfinsimpleEnglish.visited4)Somestudentsmayalsotosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.practice5)I’mwritingtoinviteyoutovisitchinaandspendingthesummervacationwithme.spend五、代词格，细领悟3.it作形主、形宾或指代时有缺漏(make,find,think)高考链接5：1.WiththehelpofKatia,aroommateofme…(2011重庆卷）mine2.ItwasonlywhenwedidtheirchemistryprojecttogetherthatIbegintounderstand…(2010辽宁卷）3.Hefounddifficulttolearnmathwell.ourit1.人称代词，物主代词,反身代词的使用．2.代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误.4.Afterthinkingforsometime,Ilethercopymyanswers.Butafterthetest,allofuswerecalledtotheteacher’soffice.both4.both,all,either,neither,none的使用.解题策略(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上下文。(2)系统掌握it的各种用法.(3)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。2.IwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.3.IalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.4.OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.myselfeverythingit1.Somestudentsmayalsosaveupforourcollegeorfutureuse.theirpractice主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。inSundayafternooncatchasightoflosemyheartinhurryaon∨六、介词短语需关注1.主要考查固定短语，固定介词的搭配。高考链接6：TherewasoneonparticularI’dreallywanted.(2011浙江卷