unitNelsonMandela定语从句

GrammarTheAttributiveClauseⅡ定语从句定语从句(定义)：在主从复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。先行词：被修饰的名词或代词。关系词：引导定语从句的词。(1)关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as(2)关系副词：when,where,whyreview关系代词：whowhomwhosewhichthat先行词为人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略who先行词为人，在定语从句中宾语，可省略whom先行词为人或物，在定语从句中做定语。即whose+n,译为....的先行词为物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略which先行词为人或物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略thatreview关系代词：asas指代整个句子，译为“正如，正像”关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在定语从句中作状语，一般不可以省略。常见的关系副词有where,when,why.Thisisthefactory.Iworkedinthefactorytenyearsago.ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedtenyearsago.Theschoolisnearapark.Mysonstudiesinthisschool.Theschoolwheremysonstudiesisnearapark.关系副词where关系副词Where在从句中作地点状语，定语从句修饰的是表示地点的名词。（1）Where先行词是表示地点的名词，在定语从句中做地点状语。WevisitedthehousewhereLuXunoncelived.(2)Where的先行词还可以是表示抽象空间概念的名词，如：case(情况)，situation(情形)，position(位置)，stage(阶段），point(地步)等。例如Ihavereachedapoint___Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.whywhere引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,并在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhich=解析：ThisisthehousewhichIlivedintwoyearsago.缺介词in的宾语They’llneverforgetJuly1.HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherlandonJuly1.They’llneverforgetJuly1whenHongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.Thedaysaregoneforever.Weusedforeignoilduringthosedays.Thedayswhenweusedforeignoilaregoneforever.关系副词whenTherewasatime.Thebusinessmanlostheartatthattime.Therewasatimewhenthebusinessmanlostheart.关系副词when的先行词为表示时间的名词，在定语从句中作时间状语。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.关系副词why关系副词why的先行词通常为原因，即reason,在定语从句中作原因状语,例如:Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelatetoschool.这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。选择关系代词还是关系副词Iwillneverfogetthedays____wespenttogether.A.whichB.whenC.whatD.where解析：先行词为时间thedays,但在定语从句中，spend为及物动词，此题缺spent的宾语,因此要选关系代词which。when作时间状语。where作地点状语。what不引导定语从句。Thisistheplace______heworks.Thisistheplace_____________wevisitedlastyear.wherewhich/that解析：先行词为theplace,在定语从句中，work为不及物动词，后面不跟成分，因此定语从句成分完整，用where做地点状语。解析：先行词为theplace,为物，在定语从句中visit为及物动词，缺visit的宾语，因此可以填that或which，在定语从句中作visited的宾语。1.Thisisthereason__________hewentthere.2.Thereason____________hegaveuswasquitereasonable.which/that/不填why解析：先行词thereason,在定语从句中，主谓宾都有了，句子成分完整，因此填why,做原因状语。解析：先行词thereason,为物。在定语从句中，give后接双宾语，即，givesbsth给某人某物，此题reason是gave的宾语，即还缺gave的直接宾语，因此which或that在定于从句中做gave的宾语。关系副词和关系代词的判断方法正确选择关系代词which/that或关系副词when/where的关键在于：关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分。关系词在从句中作主语或者宾语时，应当用关系代词；关系词在从句中作状语时，应该用关系副词。总结关系副词:where,when,why时间when=in/at/on/duringwhich地点where=at/in/onwhich原因why=forwhich“when”means“atthattime”,“where”means“atthatplace”,“why”isusedaftertheword“reason”.总结介词后只能跟which或whom，其中：介词+which,先行词为物，在定语从句中做(原因，时间，地点)状语。介词+whom,先行词为人，在定语从句中做宾语，介词宾语。e.g.(1)Thisisthetowninwhich(=where)Shakespeareswasborn.(2)I’llneverforgetthedayonwhich(when)Ijoinedtheleague.(3)Thisisthereasonforwhich(why)shewaslateforclassyesterday.(4)HewasthepersontowhomIusuallyturnedforhelpwhenIwasintroble.可改为：Hewasthepersonthat/who/whom/省略IusuallyturnedtoforhelpwhenIwasintrouble.1.Theperson_________________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepersonto______youshouldwriteisMr.Ball.3.Thegames__________hecompetedinwereswimmingandshooting.4.Thegamesin______hejoinedwereswimmingandshooting.who/that/whomwhomwhich/thatwhichCompletethefollowingsentencesusingattributiveclausees.作介词to的宾语把介词to提前只用whom.即介词+whom作介词in的宾语把介词in提前，用介词+which,指物5.October1,1949istheday_____wewillneverforget.6.Isthistheshop___________sellschildren’sclothing.7.Hisparentswouldn’tlethermarryanyone______familywaspoor.8.Thepen__________heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.withwhichthat/which/省略which/thatwhosethat作forget的宾语在定语从句中作主语作定语作writing的宾语9.Heistheman_________youcanturnforhelp.10.Thisisthetreeunder______weusedtoplaygames.11.Thefarm_________weworked10yearsagoisn’twhatitusedtobe.12.Abiologistisaman_________hasagreatknowledgeofbiology.towhomwhichinwhichwho/that作turnto的宾语,且把介词to提前，指人，只用介词+whom的结构作主语先行词为物，介词+which13.Thepoorboy__________lostbothhisparentslastyearliveswithhisgrandfather.14.Thisisthefactory_______________heworkedtenyearsago.15.Thisisthefactory___________maketoys.16.Heistheboy______familywasfaraway.who/thatwhere/inwhichwhosewhich/that1.I’llneverforgetthedays2.______________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays______________wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace_______________Iworkedtenyearsago.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhich几种易混的情况或that不及物动词及物动词不及物动词4.Iwenttotheplace______________Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_______________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason____________hegave.whichwhy/forwhichthat/which或that及物动词，缺visited的宾语及物动词，缺gave的宾语1.Wearejusttoreachapoint___bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.(2007山东)A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which解析:A本句中先行词apoint=astageinsth’sdevelopment表发展的阶段、地步,为抽象地点，故选关系副词where引导定语从句。真题解析2.Inthedarkstreettherewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp。A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom解析:答案为D介词to和定语从句中的turn构成固定搭配turntosb.forhelp。3.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm___manypeoplehavegothome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich解析:答案为D根据句意“到下午5:30时,许多人已经到家了”,且定语从句中又用了完成时,故应用介词by。4.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.t