英语四级词汇的学习(上课版)

写作课程内容介绍词汇句子段落篇章短文写作写作选修课简介学分：2时间：4-16周（第4周测试，16周考试）内容：词汇→句子→段落→篇章→四级作文目标：掌握英语写作基本技能，写出主题、内容、语言、格式等方面都较符合要求的短文.教学方法：精讲多练、讲练结合主讲教师及负责内容:•符祝芹女副教授（第一章：词汇）•齐红女教授（第二章：句子）•韩丽萍女副教授（第三章：段落）•王康妮女讲师（第四章：篇章）•林娜女讲师（第五章：四级）温馨提示：希望同学们不仅为学分，更为打下写作基本功、掌握写作要领而上好课。所有任课教师承若：一定尽力备好课上好课，让同学们收益。写作选修课旨在抛砖引玉，以期通过方法的介绍帮助同学们提高学习效率，提高写作水平。1词汇与写作（导言）1.1.词汇的重要性—为什么写作课要讲词汇学习1.2写作与高频词2词汇的学习2.1音、形、义2.2词的分类及其功能2.3词块（词的搭配）2.4写作常用词组短语2.5小结3写作词汇选择的标准3.1准确性3.2具体性3.3简洁性3.4得体性3.5形象性3.6多样性4写作中词汇高分应用4.1多实少虚原则4.2正式词汇短语4.3用词多样性原则4.4标新立异（上义词&下义词反义词&近义词、词性互换）5单词记忆5.1强化记忆5.2发音特点5.3超级联想记忆法5.4形近对照法5.5构词法5.6优化词汇的记忆：点线网模式6小结1.1.为什么写作课要讲词汇学习Whenwearebaby,ourparentscanteachwereading,so,readingisveryimportant,butreadingselectivelyorextensively?Differentpeoplehavedifferentnews.Somepeoplesthinkreadingneedselectively,knowledgeistoolarge,wecan’treadall,so,wecanreadinterestingbooks,canhelpourselfbooks,itcangoodusetimeandincreaseknowledge.1.词汇与写作在英语写作方面，学生的作文较为普遍的问题表现为内容贫乏、句型单调、用词过于简单、平淡、用词面窄等；或更为严重的是词不达意，搭配不当、贴切性等以及中式表达等问题，这些都与词汇的学习有直接的联系。词汇是语言体系中结构和意义的统一体，是语言的主要的基本单位。没有建筑材料就不能盖房子，同样，没有词汇的交际也是不可想象的。我国英语学习者，尤其是大学英语学习者，虽然非常重视英语词汇学习，但词汇一直是他们的难项和弱项。词汇的重要性困惑：平时花大量时间背诵单词，然而待到动笔之时，能“派上用场”者却寥寥无几，即便用上若干，对其正确性仍旧缺乏信心。没少下功夫却换来这样一个结果，着实让学习者产生强烈的挫败感。讨论：讨论：一，造成这种后果的原因何在？二，如何通过词汇层面的学习，将这个问题解决掉。Astudentlearningtowriteshouldlearntousethewordsthataremostusefulandmostoftenusedtoexpresshimself.----highfrequencywords1.2写作与高频词2.词汇学习:音形义2.1音形义look他在看电影她在看黑板Heislookingfilm.Heislookingtheblackboard.看2.2词性和功能1）10大词性学习词性的目的：由于不同的词类在句子中充当不同的功能，因此了解了词性可更好地掌握所学单词在句子中正确用法。英语的10大词性可以分为实词：名词，动词，形容词、副词、代词，数词；虚词：冠词、介词，连词，感叹词2）词的功能（复习）lookV.predicateHelookthebookandshookhishead.Hebegantolookanewjobimmediatelyafterhewasfired.Thechildliftedhisheadtolookme.Thereseemstobeanelectricalproblem.I'llgetsomeonetolookit.Practice:looktheactofdirectingtheeyestowardsomethingandperceivingitvisually;同义词v.seemappeargaze,observewatchexamineinspectfocusonstareInvestigateglance,survey,n.glance,glimpse,peek,peep;appearance,V+pre.+nLookatLookintoLookforLookup….seeperceivebysightorhavethepowertoperceivebysight;v.+n.seedoctorseefilmseemovieseeworldseefutureseereasonseeproblem同义词v.perceiveobserveunderstandmeetvisitfindoutimaginepicturemakesure解决：如何利用词汇学习提高英语写作水平词块搭配学习法即把单个词汇扩展到更大单位，即短语的学习方法，从而帮助学习者掌握新学词汇使用的场景，以及前后的搭配情况，使得语言的学习更为模块化，并最终促进学习者综合运用词汇能力的提高。英语的语言交际并非仅仅通过单词的使用来实现,自然话语中的90%是由“词块”（chunks)”来实现的。包括：短语动词、复合词、固定搭配、成语、惯用语等相对固定的组合，短语框架和句子框架。2.3词块的学习gain/obtain/accessto/deriveknowledgefrom;增长知识：expand/increase/broaden/develop/enhance;传播知识：pass/impart/spread…渴求知识：hungryfor/thirstyforknowledgeAcquireknowledge学知识：“词汇搭配学习法”提高写作能力的原理在于，通过掌握更大的语言单位，提高学习者综合运用词汇的能力，从而提高学习者遣词造句的能力。Practice:下文是一篇阐释爱心的优秀文章，多处用词精巧，现将文中关于爱心这一主题的词汇总结Whenweusethewordlove,wedonotsimplymeananattractiontoapersonoftheoppositesex,whichisaverynarrowdefinitionoftheword.Loveisemotionalstrength,whichcansupportusnomatterhowdarktheworldaroundusbecomes.Infact,throughouthistorypeopleofmanydifferentcultureshaveregardedloveasthenoblestofhumanemotions.Asanexampleofthepoweroflove,weshouldrememberhowtheChinesepeopleofallnationalitiesrespondtothecalltohelpthevictimsofnaturaldisasterseveryyear.Althoughtheirincomesarestilllowbyinternationalstandards,peoplealloverthecountrydonothesitatetodonatewhatevertheycan—beitmoneyorgoods—tohelptheirneedyfellowcitizens.Moreover,theydothiswithnothoughtofgainforthemselves.Inmyopinion,thebestwaytoshowloveistohelppeoplewhoaremoreunfortunatethanweare.Weshouldalwaysbereadytogiveahelpinghandtothosewhoareintrouble,nomatterwhethertheyarefamilymembersorcompletestrangers.Inthisway,wecanhelptomaketheworldabetterplace,forthedarkertheshadowsofsorrowbecome,themorebrightlythelampofloveshines.文中关于爱心这一主题的词汇总结如下：emotionalstrength情感的力量thenoblestofhumanemotions人类最高尚的情感nothoughtofgain不计得失thelampoflove爱心之灯helpthevictimsofnaturaldisasters支援自然灾害受害者donatewhatevertheycan倾囊相助helptheirneedyfellowcitizens帮助有需要的同胞bereadytogiveahelpinghand随时准备伸出援手…..TworesponsibilitiesofeducationThetruetestofanationisnotthesizeofitsproductionorthenumberofitsautomobiles.Thetruetestmustonlybethekindofpersonsitproduces.Everyeducationalsystemhastworesponsibilities.First,itmusthelptoprepareforacareer.Thisrequirestrainingandadegreeofspecialization,whichwillenableitscitizenstoperformthetasksrequiredbyvariousoccupations.Amusicianmustunderstandmusic;acarpentermustbeskilledincarpentry;ateachermustbeabletoteachandtomotivatestudents;amailmanmustknowhowtodelivermail;agoodeducationalsystemwilltrainpersonsandencouragetheminthepursuitofexcellenceinwhatevertradetheychoosetofollow.Assignment:Thereisanotherresponsibilityofoureducationalsystem,inadditiontopreparingourcitizenstoearnalivelihood.Anothergoalmustbetocultivatedecent,compassionatehumanbeingswhocanacceptchangegracefullyandwhoarenotfilledwithgreedorenvy,personswhohaveasenseofjusticetemperedbymercy,personswhohavegreatrespectfornatureaswellasformankind,personswhowanttoenrichtheworld.Thisseemsverygeneraland,ofcourse,thedevelopmentofsuchpersonsisdependentuponavarietyofinfluencesincludingp