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从句根据英语从句在句子中的作用，从句可分为三类：名词性从句NominalClauses形容词性从句AdjectivalClauses副词性从句AdverbialClauses名词性从句Including:主语从句—SubjectClause宾语从句—ObjectClause表语从句—PredicativeClause同位语从句—AppositiveClause形容词性从句Restrictive～限制性定语从句Non-restrictive～非限制性定语从句AttributiveClause定语从句1ofTime（时间）2ofPlace（地点）3ofCause（原因）4ofResult（结果）5ofPurpose（目的）6ofCondition（条件）7ofConcession（让步）8ofManner（方式）9ofComparison（比较‘）10ofAnalogy（类比）副词性从句AdverbialClause状语从句＊从句类型的判定：看从句在整个句子中处在什么位置上、作什么句子成分。通常位于句子开头的从句是主语从句；动词后面的从句是宾语从句；系动词后面的从句是表语从句；名词后面的从句只能是同位语从句或定语从句；其它情况则都是状语从句。☆主语从句引导词从属连词:that,whether连接代词:what,which,who,whom连接副词:when,where,why,how1Thatheisalwaysreadytohelpothersisknowntoall.2Insomecountries,____iscalled“equality”doesn’treallymeanequalrightforequalpeople.AwhichBwhatCthatDoneB☆宾语从句引导词：属连词:that,whether,if连接代词:what,which,who,whom(词尾加-ever加强语气)连接副词:when,where,why,how☆表语从句引导词：从属连词:that,whether,if连接代词:what,which,who,whom连接副词:when,where,why,howThequestioniswhetherweshallstayornot./howwecangetthere./whomheislookingfor./whoheis.Thereasonis(that)heisill.That’swhattheydid./whyIdidn’tcome.☆同位语从句引导词：从属连词:that,whether连接副词:when,where,why,howthat:无意义,不做成分,但不能省略.＊同位语从句所修饰的名词被称为先行词.常见先行词有：idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,question,sign,suspect,…以及表示“建议、命令、请求”的词(后者句中要用虚拟语气).Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresults.Therewasthequestionwhereweweretogo./whatweweretodo./whenweweretostart./howwecouldgetthere./whyweshouldhelpthem.☆定语从句引导词：关系代词:who,whom,whosethat,which,as☆关系副词:when,where,why=介词+关系代词☆1定语从句引导词在句中起三个作用:①引导和连接主、从句②在从句中作某种成分③替代先行词（因此从句中不能再有先行词或其代词）that,which:先行词为事、物,在句中可作主语、宾语；who,whom:先行词为人,在句中可作主语、宾语；whose:先行词为人、事、物,在句中作定语；as:①先行词被thesame,such修饰或先行词本身就是thesame,such;②引导非限定性定语从句,代替整个句子,在从句中作主语或宾语.Itwasn’tsuchagooddinnerasshehadpromisedus.Asiswellknown,Romeisnotbuiltinaday.Asweallknow,Romeisnotbuiltinaday.①Thisisthecity___.AIliketovisititmostBIliketovisitmostCImostliketovisitDImostliketovisititB②Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,____overallconsumptionissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.AwhoseBwhichCthatDwhatA③Thehours____thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithTVpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.AwhenBonwhichCthatDinwhichC2只用which引导定语从句的情况:①引导非限定性定语从句;②在介词后面;③句中已有连词that为避免重复；Hetoldmethattheradiowhichhehadboughtwasdefective.3只用that引导定语从句的情况:①先行词既包括人又包括物;②先行词前有不定代词修饰或本身为指物不定代词or复合不定代词时;③先行词前有表示唯一概念的词修饰;④先行词被序数词、adj.最高级修饰;⑤先行词本身为疑问pron.时；or句中有疑问代词；⑥关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,多用that;①Hetalkedloudlyofthemenandthebooksthatattractedhim.②Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.﹡Allthatglittersisnotgold.﹡Thereislittle/nothingthatIcando.﹡Nothingisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.③Heistheonlypersonthatisreliable.Thesearetheverypointsthatinterestme.④Thefirststepthatwearetotakeisverydifficult.ShehasbecomeoneofthebestactressesthatappearonChinesescreens.⑤Whothathavestudiedwithhimdonotadmirehim?WhoisthemanthatyouweretalkingtowhenIsawyouyesterday?⑥Sheisnotthegirlthatshewasthreeyearsago.Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.☆介词+关系代词不定pron./数词+介词+关系代词which/whom/whose+n.介词判定依据：①介词与关系代词(即先行词)为固定搭配②介词与从句中某一词为固定搭配Thisistheroomwhere/inwhichtheylivedfortenyears.Thisistheroomthat/whichtheylivedinfortenyears.Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextenttowhichapricechangewillaffectsupplyanddemand.①Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogress___whichsubsequentlytherewasnothingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.AtoBforCinDfromA②Iboughtadozeneggs,____brokewhenIdroppedtheboxatthedoor.AsixeggsBsixeggsofthemCsixofthemDsixofwhichD③Heintroducedmetohisstudents,___offeredtogowithmeasaguide.AoneofthemBonestudentConeofwhomDoneofwhichC④Theresidents,____hadbeendamagedbythefire,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.AalloftheirhomesBalltheirhomesCwhoseallhomesDallofwhosehomesD⑤Thisisthetheory____whichhisexperimentisbased.AfromBtoConDforC☆时状常见引导词：＊when,while,until/till,as,before,after,since,whenever,assoonas,once,＊n.短语：themoment/eachtime/everytime/thedistance…+clause＊nosooner…than…hardly/scarcely…when…考点：1when“正在这时……”2Itisalongtimebefore/after…3Itis/was…since…（完成时）…4nosooner…than…hardly/scarcely…when…①时态:主句用过去完成时;从句用过去时.②否定副词提到句首,句子要部分倒装.5until/till①not…until…②强调句式:Itis/wasnotuntil+从句+that+主句③not提到句首,句子倒装→Notuntil+时间状语（从句）+部分倒装的主句1Ihadjuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclothes____Iheardvoices.AasBwhenCafterDwhileB2Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthehill____weallsatdowntorest.AwhenBthenCthanDuntilC3Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrue___itcomestoclassroomtests.AwhenBsinceCbeforeDafterA4Amanescapedfromtheprisonlastnight.Itwasalongtime____theguardsdiscoveredwhathadhappened.AbeforeBuntilCsinceDafterA5Youseethelightning____ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.AtheinstantBforaninstantContheinstantDinaninstantA6Itwasalmost10years___Ihadseenherlasttime.AbeforeBafterCwhenDsinceD☆地点状语从句常见引导词：where,whereverBoysalwaysgotoswimwherethewaterisdeep.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.☆原因状语从句常见引导词：because,as,for（并列句）,since,that,inthat,nowthatseeing(that)…;given(that)…Shewasdisappointedthatherserviceshadbeenoverlookedbyhersuperiors.Seeing(that)hewasbetter,theydidn’tsendforthedoctor.Give