英语四级阅读辅导讲座2

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ReadinginDepth单词不懂怎么办?1为什么单词都懂还是错?2句子不懂怎么办?3错误选项的特征45正确选项的特征一、单词不懂怎么办?在四级阅读考试出题的时候,出题人考查单词通常有以下三个目的:考查在有生词的情况下,考生能否理解句子的意思;考查考生是否真正理解认识的单词;利用阅读文章中的生词,考查考生的词汇量出题人通过阅读考查单词的时候,关注的并不是考生是否认识所有的单词,而是在有生词的情况下,考生是否能够根据该词的上下文推测、理解句意。上帝把所有的门关上后,总会给你留下一扇窗。ThemomenttheGodclosesthedoor,heleavesawindowopenforyou.在难词、生词较多的地方,出题人会给我们留下一扇解题之窗。英语中的单词,只有在一定的上下文(context)中才能表示一个确定的词义。因此,根据生词与上下文的关系,就可以推测该词的意思。利用上下文推测词义可以根据以下几条线索。直接解释近义复述比较举例反义对照因果和时间情景、经验与常识直接解释某些难词和偏词不易被读者理解,作者常会直接解释该词,或通过同位语直接给出定义,或使用定于从句加以说明。在下定义时,作者往往会使用一些信号词,如:is\are,thatis,e.g.,called,meaning,or,definedas,inanotherword,putanotherway等;或利用标点符号,如:分号、破折号和括号等。请看以下几例:Formtheshelfabovehim,theoldmantookdownaphial['faiəl],asmallglassbottleusedtokeepliquids,andheplaceditonthetableinfrontofhim.Severalothergases,suchasargon,neon,krypton,xenon['zenɔn],comprisetheremainingonepercentofthevolumeofdryair.[.ædəu'lesns]Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionsastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.3题近义复述有时作者喜欢用和生词意义相近的词语来复述该词。Itisdifficulttolistallofmyfather’sattributesbecausehehassomanydifferenttalentsandabilities.[.pænə'siə]Hesoldapanaceathatheclaimedwasgoodforrelievingstomachdistress,headaches,fever,musculardisorders,seasicknessandeveryotherdiseases.[mi'tikjuləs]Beingameticuloustypist,mysecretaryisveryconscientiousaboutcorrectingeventhesmallesterror.[.kɔnʃi'enʃəs]3题比较举例根据作者提供的比较物或例举物之间的共性,可以推知生词的含义。用于比较的举例的指示词有:suchas,like,forexample等。练习:Condiment,suchassalt,pepper,sauce,andmustard,istheverythingacookturnstoifhewantsmakethedishestastebetter.[ləu'kweiʃəs]SusanwasthemostloquaciousmanI’devermet.Hetalkedwitheveryoneontheship,andhealwayshadsomethingtosay,nomatterwhatthetopic.2题反义对照作者有时使用although,but,however,ontheotherhand等带有转折语气的信号词,提醒读者注意一些意义相反的词语或概念。练习Althoughalargernumberofpeoplethinkthemantobeguilty,Ibelievehimtobeinnocentofthecrime.Somepeopleliketowalkquicklyhomeafterwork,butIprefertostrollhomeandlookatthestorewindowsalongtheway.Theirleaderremainedintrepideveninthefaceofgreatdangers.3题因果和时间事物发展的因与果、时间顺序的先与后,都有必然的逻辑关系。根据这种关系可推测上下文中的词义。练习Lutherwasvarysadwhenhisgrandfatherdied,butthankstotheinheritancehisgrandfatherlefthim,hecouldaffordtogotocollege.[pændi’məʊni:əm]Therewaspandemoniumamongtheworkerswhenthecompanyannounceditwascuttingwages.Thegamewillbeinthebagifourpitcherdoesn’thurthisarmagain.3题情景、经验与常识有些生词可以根据它们出现在文中的情景去理解,也可以结合读者自己的经验和常识来判断。如果读到与自己专业知识相近的文章,生词则更容易理解了。练习Fictionscanalsobeclassifiedintodifferentgroupsaccordingtothesize,namely,novels,novelettesandshortstories.Mr.Brownranintoapedestrianwithhiscarwhenitgotoutofcontrolanddroveontothesidewalk.2题,下页为单词WordList—额外成就感expertfinancialdebatedefenceimmigrant/emigrantambitiouspsychologicalrepresentativen.专家,能手a.财政的,金融的n./v.辩论;讨论n.防卫,防卫物n.移民a.有野心的,有抱负的a.心理(学)的n.代表;代理人;a.有代表性的,典型的主页面二、为什么单词都懂还是错?在单词都懂的情况下,题目还是做错可能由于以下原因:常用的英语词汇往往都有一个以上的含义,当考查的是熟词偏义,就有可能对选项的判断造成影响。出题人对选项进行了修饰,通过填词、减词或换词的手法,使选项的意思发生变化,无法与原文构成真正的同义替换关系。练习GeneCohen,actingdirectorofthesameinstitute,suggeststhatpeopleintheiroldageshouldengageinmentalandphysicalactivitiesindividuallyaswellasingroups.Cohensaysthatwearefrequentlyadvisedtokeepphysicallyactiveasweage,butolderpeopleneedtokeepmentallyactiveaswell.Thosewhodoaremorelikelytomaintaintheirintellectualabilitiesandtobegenerallyhappierandbetteradjusted.“Thepointis,youneedtodoboth,”Cohensays.“Intellectualactivityinfluencesbrain-cellhealthandsize.”Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto________.A.keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivitiesB.keepmentallyactivebychallengingtheirbrainsC.maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictrainingD.maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities本题题目与原文都没有涉及较难的单词。但出题人在题干中巧妙地设置了一个副词generally(通常),使题干的意思变成:老年人通常被建议做什么?B、D的内容实际上是Cohen提出的建议,而非“通常”的建议。因此A为正确答案。题干与原文的对应关系如下:asweage当我们年龄增长olderpeople老年人arefrequentlyadvisedtoaregenerallyadvisedto常常被建议通常被建议tokeepphysicallyactivegoinginforphysicalactivities积极锻炼身体参加身体锻炼解析:这道题你做对了吗?Wecanseehowtheproductlifecycleworksbylookingattheintroductionofinstantcoffee.Whenitwasintroduced,mostpeopledidnotlikeitaswellas“regular”coffee,andittookseveralyearstogaingeneralacceptance(introductionstage).Atonepoint,though,instantcoffeegrewrapidlyinpopularityandmanybrandswereintroduced(stageofrapidgrowth).Afterawhilepeoplebecameattachedtoonebrandandsalesleveledoff(stageofmaturity).Saleswentintoaslightdecline(衰退)whenfreeze-driedcoffeeswereintroduced(stageofdecline).Accordingtothepassage,whenpeoplegrowfondofoneparticularbrandofaproduct,itssaleswill______.A)decreasegraduallyB)becomeunstableC)improveenormouslyD)remainatthesamelevel根据产品销售周期划分为四个阶段:引入阶段(Introductionstage)、快速增长阶段(stageofrapidofgrowth)、成熟阶段(stageofmaturity)和衰退阶段(stageofdecline)。题干所提供的信息是“当人们对某种产品的某一特定品牌产生喜爱之情后,其销售将会怎么样”。在到原文中进行定位:peoplebecameattachedtoonebrand=peoplegrowfondofoneparticularbrand.Attached表示“喜欢的”,与“growfondof”意思相同。因此,在这个阶段,其销售量应该是“leveloff”.Leveloff:趋向稳定,达到平衡。这道题你做对了吗?下一页单词WordList—额外成就感environmentemotionalbeveragecampaigncapacitycolleague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