美国宪法(英文版)

TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesPreambleWethePeopleoftheUnitedStates,inOrdertoformamoreperfectUnion,establishJustice,insuredomesticTranquility,provideforthecommondefence,promotethegeneralWelfare,andsecuretheBlessingsofLibertytoourselvesandourPosterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Article.I.-TheLegislativeBranchSection1-TheLegislatureAlllegislativePowershereingrantedshallbevestedinaCongressoftheUnitedStates,whichshallconsistofaSenateandHouseofRepresentatives.Section2-TheHouseTheHouseofRepresentativesshallbecomposedofMemberschoseneverysecondYearbythePeopleoftheseveralStates,andtheElectorsineachStateshallhavetheQualificationsrequisiteforElectorsofthemostnumerousBranchoftheStateLegislature.NoPersonshallbeaRepresentativewhoshallnothaveattainedtotheAgeoftwentyfiveYears,andbeensevenYearsaCitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beanInhabitantofthatStateinwhichheshallbechosen.(RepresentativesanddirectTaxesshallbeapportionedamongtheseveralStateswhichmaybeincludedwithinthisUnion,accordingtotheirrespectiveNumbers,whichshallbedeterminedbyaddingtothewholeNumberoffreePersons,includingthoseboundtoServiceforaTermofYears,andexcludingIndiansnottaxed,threefifthsofallotherPersons.)(Theprevioussentenceinparentheseswasmodifiedbythe14thAmendment,section2.)TheactualEnumerationshallbemadewithinthreeYearsafterthefirstMeetingoftheCongressoftheUnitedStates,andwithineverysubsequentTermoftenYears,insuchMannerastheyshallbyLawdirect.TheNumberofRepresentativesshallnotexceedoneforeverythirtyThousand,buteachStateshallhaveatLeastoneRepresentative;anduntilsuchenumerationshallbemade,theStateofNewHampshireshallbeentitledtochusethree,Massachusettseight,RhodeIslandandProvidencePlantationsone,Connecticutfive,NewYorksix,NewJerseyfour,Pennsylvaniaeight,Delawareone,Marylandsix,Virginiaten,NorthCarolinafive,SouthCarolinafiveandGeorgiathree.WhenvacancieshappenintheRepresentationfromanyState,theExecutiveAuthoritythereofshallissueWritsofElectiontofillsuchVacancies.TheHouseofRepresentativesshallchusetheirSpeakerandotherOfficers;andshallhavethesolePowerofImpeachment.Section3-TheSenateTheSenateoftheUnitedStatesshallbecomposedoftwoSenatorsfromeachState,(chosenbytheLegislaturethereof,)(Theprecedingwordsinparenthesessupersededby17thAmendment,section1.)forsixYears;andeachSenatorshallhaveoneVote.ImmediatelyaftertheyshallbeassembledinConsequenceofthefirstElection,theyshallbedividedasequallyasmaybeintothreeClasses.TheSeatsoftheSenatorsofthefirstClassshallbevacatedattheExpirationofthesecondYear,ofthesecondClassattheExpirationofthefourthYear,andofthethirdClassattheExpirationofthesixthYear,sothatonethirdmaybechoseneverysecondYear;(andifVacancieshappenbyResignation,orotherwise,duringtheRecessoftheLegislatureofanyState,theExecutivethereofmaymaketemporaryAppointmentsuntilthenextMeetingoftheLegislature,whichshallthenfillsuchVacancies.)(Theprecedingwordsinparenthesesweresupersededbythe17thAmendment,section2.)NopersonshallbeaSenatorwhoshallnothaveattainedtotheAgeofthirtyYears,andbeennineYearsaCitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beanInhabitantofthatStateforwhichheshallbechosen.TheVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesshallbePresidentoftheSenate,butshallhavenoVote,unlesstheybeequallydivided.TheSenateshallchusetheirotherOfficers,andalsoaPresidentprotempore,intheabsenceoftheVicePresident,orwhenheshallexercisetheOfficeofPresidentoftheUnitedStates.TheSenateshallhavethesolePowertotryallImpeachments.WhensittingforthatPurpose,theyshallbeonOathorAffirmation.WhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesistried,theChiefJusticeshallpreside:AndnoPersonshallbeconvictedwithouttheConcurrenceoftwothirdsoftheMemberspresent.JudgmentinCasesofImpeachmentshallnotextendfurtherthantoremovalfromOffice,anddisqualificationtoholdandenjoyanyOfficeofhonor,TrustorProfitundertheUnitedStates:butthePartyconvictedshallneverthelessbeliableandsubjecttoIndictment,Trial,JudgmentandPunishment,accordingtoLaw.Section4-Elections,MeetingsTheTimes,PlacesandMannerofholdingElectionsforSenatorsandRepresentatives,shallbeprescribedineachStatebytheLegislaturethereof;buttheCongressmayatanytimebyLawmakeoraltersuchRegulations,exceptastothePlaceofChusingSenators.TheCongressshallassembleatleastonceineveryYear,andsuchMeetingshall(beonthefirstMondayinDecember,)(Theprecedingwordsinparenthesesweresupersededbythe20thAmendment,section2.)unlesstheyshallbyLawappointadifferentDay.Section5-Membership,Rules,Journals,AdjournmentEachHouseshallbetheJudgeoftheElections,ReturnsandQualificationsofitsownMembers,andaMajorityofeachshallconstituteaQuorumtodoBusiness;butasmallernumbermayadjournfromdaytoday,andmaybeauthorizedtocompeltheAttendanceofabsentMembers,insuchManner,andundersuchPenaltiesaseachHousemayprovide.EachHousemaydeterminetheRulesofitsProceedings,punishitsMembersfordisorderlyBehavior,and,withtheConcurrenceoftwo-thirds,expelaMember.EachHouseshallkeepaJournalofitsProceedings,andfromtimetotimepublishthesame,exceptingsuchPartsasmayintheirJudgmentrequireSecrecy;andtheYeasandNaysoftheMembersofeitherHou