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ConstitutionoftheUnitedStates美国宪法中英文对照版PreambleWe,thepeopleoftheUnitedStates,inordertoformamoreperfectUnion,establishjustice,insuredomestictranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralwelfare,andsecuretheblessingsoflibertytoourselvesandourposterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.序言我们美利坚合众国的人民，为了组织一个更完善的联邦，树立正义，保障国内的安宁，建立共同的国防，增进全民福利和确保我们自己及我们后代能安享自由带来的幸福，乃为美利坚合众国制定和确立这一部宪法。ArticleISection1-Legislativepowers;inwhomvestedAlllegislativepowershereingrantedshallbevestedinaCongressoftheUnitedStates,whichshallconsistofaSenateandHouseofRepresentatives.第一条第一款本宪法所规定的立法权，全属合众国的国会，国会由一个参议院和一个众议院组成。Section2-HouseofRepresentatives,howandbywhomchosenQualificationsofaRepresentative.Representativesanddirecttaxes,howapportioned.Enumeration.Vacanciestobefilled.Powerofchoosingofficers,andofimpeachment.1.TheHouseofRepresentativesshallbecomposedofmemberschoseneverysecondyearbythepeopleoftheseveralStates,andtheelectorineachStateshallhavethequalificationsrequisiteforelectorsofthemostnumerousbranchoftheStateLegislature.众议院应由各州人民每两年选举一次之议员组成，各州选举人应具有该州州议会中人数最多之一院的选举人所需之资格。2.NopersonshallbeaRepresentativewhoshallnothaveattainedtheageoftwenty-fiveyears,andbeensevenyearsaCitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitantofthatStateinwhichheshallbechosen.凡年龄未满二十五岁，或取得合众国公民资格未满七年，或于某州当选而并非该州居民者，均不得任众议员。3.RepresentativesanddirecttaxesshallbeapportionedamongtheseveralStateswhichmaybeincludedwithinthisUnion,accordingtotheirrespectivenumbers,whichshallbedeterminedbyaddingthewholenumberoffreepersons,includingthoseboundtoserviceforatermofyears,andexcludingIndiansnottaxed,three-fifthsofallotherpersons.(TheprevioussentencewassupercededbyAmendmentXIV，前面语句已由宪法修正案XIV替代).TheactualenumerationshallbemadewithinthreeyearsafterthefirstmeetingoftheCongressoftheUnitedStates,andwithineverysubsequenttermoftenyears,insuchmannerastheyshallbylawdirect.ThenumberofRepresentativesshallnotexceedoneforeverythirtythousand,buteachStateshallhaveatleastoneRepresentative;anduntilsuchenumerationshallbemade,theStateofNewHampshireshallbeentitledtochoosethree,Massachusettseight,RhodeIslandandProvidencePlantationsone,Connecticutfive,NewYorksix,NewJerseyfour,Pennsylvaniaeight,Delawareone,Marylandsix,Virginiaten,NorthCarolinafive,SouthCarolinafive,andGeorgiathree.众议员人数及直接税税额，应按联邦所辖各州的人口数目比例分配，此项人口数目的计算法，应在全体自由人民－－包括订有契约的短期仆役，但不包括末被课税的印第安人－－数目之外，再加上所有其他人口之五分之三。实际人口调查，应于合众国国会第一次会议后三年内举行，并于其后每十年举行一次，其调查方法另以法律规定之。众议员的数目，不得超过每三万人口有众议员一人，但每州至少应有众议员一人，在举行人囗调查以前，各州得按照下列数目选举众议员:新罕布什尔三人、马萨诸塞八人、罗德岛及普罗维登斯垦殖区一人、康涅狄格五人、纽约州六人．新泽西四人、宾夕法尼亚八人、特拉华一人、马里兰六人、弗吉尼亚十人、北卡罗来纳五人、南卡罗来纳五人、乔治亚三人。4.WhenvacancieshappenintherepresentationfromanyState,theExecutiveAuthoritythereofshallissuewritsofelectiontofillsuchvacancies.任何一州的众议员有缺额时，该州的行政长官应颁选举令，选出众议员以补充缺额。5.TheHouseofRepresentativesshallchoosetheirSpeakerandotherofficers;andshallhavethesolepowerofimpeachment.众议院应选举该除议长及其他官员，只有众议院具有提出弹劾案的权力。Section3-Senators,howandbywhomchosen.Howclassified.StateExecutive,whentomaketemporaryappointments,incase,etc.QualificationsofaSenator.PresidentoftheSenate,hisrighttovote.Presidentprotem.,andotherofficersoftheSenate,howchosen.Powertotryimpeachments.WhenPresidentistried,ChiefJusticetopreside.Sentence.1.TheSenateoftheUnitedStatesshallbecomposedoftwoSenatorsfromeachState,forsixyears;andeachSenatorshallhaveonevote.合众国的参议院由每州选举两名参议员组成之，参议员的任期为六年，每名参议员有一票表决权。2.Immediatelyaftertheyshallbeassembledinconsequenceofthefirstelection,theyshallbedividedasequallyasmaybeintothreeclasses.TheseatsoftheSenatorsofthefirstclassshallbevacatedattheexpirationofthesecondyear,ofthesecondclassattheexpirationofthefourthyear,andofthethirdclassattheexpirationofthesixthyear,sothatone-thirdmaybechoseneverysecondyear;andifvacancieshappenbyresignation,orotherwise,duringtherecessoftheLegislatureofanyState,theExecutivethereofmaymaketemporaryappointmentsuntilthenextmeetingoftheLegislature,whichshallthenfillsuchvacancies.(ThewordsinitalicsweresupercededbyAmendmentXVII)合众国的参议院由每州的州议会选举两名参议员组成之，参议员的任期为六年，每名参议员有一票表决权。参议员于第一次选举后举行会议之时，应当立即尽量均等地分成三组。第一组参议员的任期，到第二年年终时届满，第二组到第四年年终时届满，第三组到第六年年终时届满，俾使每两年有三分之一的参议员改选，如果在某州州议会休会期间，有参议员因辞职或其它原因出缺，该州的行政长官得任命临时参议员，等到州议会下次集会时，再予选举补缺（宪法修正案XVII对本条款做了部分修改）。3.NopersonshallbeaSenatorwhoshallnothaveattainedtotheageofthirtyyears,andbeennineyearsaCitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitantofthatStateforwhichheshallbechosen.凡年龄未满三十岁，或取得合众国公民资格未满九年，或于某州当选而并非该州居民者，均不得任参议员4.TheVice-PresidentoftheUnitedStatesshallbePresidentoftheSenate,butshallhavenovote,unlesstheybeequallydivided.合众国副总统应为参议院议长，除非在投票票数相等时，议长无投票权。5.TheSenateshallchoosetheirotherofficers,andalsoaPresidentprotempore,intheabsenceoftheVicePresident,orwhenheshallexercisetheofficeofthePresidentoftheUnitedStates.参议院应选举该院的其他官员，在副总统缺席或执行合众国总统职务时，还应选举临时议长。6.TheSenateshallhavethesolepowertotryallimpeachments.Whensittingforthatpurpose,theyshallbeonoathoraffirmation.WhenthePresidentoftheUnitedStatesistried,theChiefJusticeshallpreside:andnopersonshallbeconvictedwithouttheconcurrenceoftwo-thirdsofthemembers