BEC商务英语Module 8

ModuleEightManufacturingProcessesNewEnglishWordsandExpressions:graffito[grə‘fi:təu]n涂鸦，乱画graffiti[grə‘fitɪ]n(graffito的复数形式)graffiti-resistantadj抗涂鸦的vandal[‘vændəl]n故意破坏公共财产者property[‘prɔpəti]n特征,特质bededicatedto专门用于carryout执行,贯彻show…around…带领某人参观vandalise['vændəlaiz]vt摧残,破坏deface[di‘feis]vt破坏外观,丑化maintenancestaff[‘meintinəns]n维修人员,维护人员NewEnglishWordsandExpressions:automate[‘ɔ:təmeit]vt使自动化output[‘autput]n产量demand[di‘mɑ:nd]n需求assemblyline[ə‘sembli]生产线,流水线workatfullcapacity满负荷工作,以全部力量工作buyer’smarket买方市场exceed[ik‘si:d]vt超出loadingbay装卸平台inventory[‘invəntri]货物清单stockn库存,存货defect[di‘fekt]n缺点,缺陷eliminate[i‘limineit]vt消除,根除adopt[ə‘dɔpt]vt采用,采纳,收养keyfeatures主要特征,特色principle[‘prinsəpl]n原则,原理Bolivia[bə‘liviə]n玻利维亚departuretime出发时间,起飞时间closedcircuitTV[‘sə:kit]闭路电视factoryfloor工厂车间financialreturn财政收益handmadeadj手工制作的foreignexchangedepartment国外汇兑部frustrated[frʌs‘treitid]adj失意的,沮丧的localcouncil市政委员会anti-virusprogram反病毒软件bacterium[bæk‘tiəriəm]n病菌,细菌bacteria[bæk‘tiəriə]n(bacterium的复数形式)barcoden条码brainstorm[‘brein.stɔ:m]v头脑风暴,集思广益catastrophe[kə‘tæstrəfi]n大灾难,大灾祸ceramics[si‘ræmiks]n陶器compatible[kəm‘pætəbl]adj一致的,兼容的plug[plʌg]n插头,插销in-flightservice机上服务opticalcell光学器皿scenario[si‘nɑ:riəu]n剧本,情节梗概spray[sprei]v喷雾,喷射storagecost保管费用voicemailn语音信箱waitingtime等待时间,停工时间pager[‘peidʒə]n传呼机scanner[‘skænə]n扫描仪petrol[‘petrəl]n汽油tank[tæŋk]n油箱,坦克shippingcompany轮船公司lid[lid]n盖子testimonial[.testi‘məuniəl]n证明书,推荐书Graffitiaproblem?Justwashit!Ithasbeendescribedasartbysomepeople,buttoothersit’sanuglyanddepressingaspectofmodernlife.Whatisit?Graffiti,ofcourse.Lookaroundyourcitytodayandyoucanseegraffitionbuildings,walls,doorsandevenonbusesortrainsthathavestayedinoneplacefortoolong.Butwheremoderntechologycreatesaproblem,italsofindsasolution.Lastweek,WeekendWestwasshownaroundthefactoryofasmallbuthighlyinnovativeandsuccessfulcompany,Hubdean.Hubdean’sachievementisaseriesofspecialpaintswhicharegraffiti-resistant.Howdotheywork?Itcouldn’tbesimpler.Takeanygraffiti-coveredsurface.First,atreatmentcalledAgproclearisapplied.Thus,usingaveryhotpressurejet,thistreatmentisremovedandthegraffitidisappearsatthesametime.Nowyouhaveacleanwall.Butbeforethiscleanwallcanbepaintedonbyvandals,anewproduct,Agproshield,isapplied.Firstly,spraypaintwon’tsticktothesurfaceverywell,andsecondly,thewholesurfacecanbecleanedveryeasily,justusingwater.Oncethesurfaceispainted,nospecialistequipmentisneededtokeeptheareacleanandgraffiti-free.Notsurprisingly,Hubdean’sproductsareusedbybothlocalcouncilsandprivatecampaniesallovertheUK,andnowordersarebeingreceivedfromaroundtheworld.Thispresentsthecompanywithaproblem,however.Cantheyincreaseproductiontosatisfytheextrademand?Optionsincludebuildingasecondfactory,dedicatedtothemostpopularproducts,orlicensingamajorinternationalcompanytomanufacturetheirproducts.ThefutureislookinggoodforHubdean!被动语态复习一、被动语态的定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态；Ioftenrepairthecar.当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态。Thecarisoftenrepaired(byme).被动语态结构被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。be+done1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.三、主动语态变被动语态Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时的被动语态构成：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词3．LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly．PollycanbetakengoodcareofbyLingFeng.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词4.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词5.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow．Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词7．Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight．Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词6．Wehavemadetwentymorekeys．Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词二、各种时态的被动语态构成1）一般现在时：Youarerequiredtodothis.2）一般过去时：Thestorywastoldbyher.3）一般将来时：Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.4）现在进行时：Thequestionisbeingdiscussedinthemeetingroom.5）过去进行时：Thenewroadwasbeingmade.6）现在完成时：Thenovelhasbeenread.7)情态动词：Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.四、何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld．二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen．我的自行车被盗了。三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…Itishopedthat…人们希望。。。Itishopedthatmoreandmorepeoplewillbebetteroff.这个村子越来越多的人有望过上更好的日子Itisbelievedthat…人们认为。。。Itisbelievedthatourteamwillwinthematch.人们相信我们队会赢得这场比赛的胜利。众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…Itiswellknownthatlighttravelsinstraightlines.人们认为月球上没有生命。据推测说……Itissupposedthat…Itissupposedthatthereisnolifeonthemoon.人们认为月球上没有生命。四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao．魏华是被林涛叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989．六、表示礼貌时。例如：YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8:00p．m．tomorrow．敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own,become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】Theshirtfitshimverywell．【误】Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt．2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：【正】Lookattheblackboard，please．【误】Theblackbo