英语句子成分

句子成分与句子基本类型句子句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是表达一个完整概念的语言单位。句子开头的第一个字母要大写；结尾要有句号“.”、问号“?”或感叹号“﹗”。Tomlikesrockmusic.Whatareyoudoingnow?Howbeautifulitis！句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。Tomlikesrockmusic.Helikesreadinginthereadingroom.TheboyintheclassroomisTom.基本句型句型一:主语+谓语(不及物动词)Birdsfly.(鸟飞。)句型二:主语+谓语+宾语ShelikesEnglish.(她喜欢英语。)句型三:主语+系动词+表语Theyarehonest.(他们是诚实的。)基本句型句型四:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语HegaveTomabook.他给汤姆了一本书。句型五:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Isawherdance.我看见他跳舞。特殊句型:Therebe句型Thereisababy.这里有个小孩。句子成分之主语主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分。一般由名词、代词、不定式或者相当于名词的词或者短语构成。一般放在句首。Wallshaveears.Hewilltakeyoutothehospital.Threeplusfourequalsseven.句子成分之主语Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Smokingisnotallowedinpublicplaces.(动名词)Whetherornottheywillcomedependsontheweather.(从句)句子成分之谓语谓语说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”,有简单动词和动词短语构成。Westudyhard.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.Thechancemaynevercomeagain.Maryhasbeenworkingatthedressshopsince1994句子成分之表语表语位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及短语来担当。Myfatherisaprofessor.Who'sthat?It'sme.Everythinghereisexpensive.Thematchbecameveryexciting.句子成分之表语Thestoryofmylifemaybeofhelptoothers.Threetimesfiveisfifteen.Hisplanistoseekworkinthecity.Myfirstideawasthatyoushouldhideyourfeelings.句子成分之宾语宾语在谓语之后，是动作、行为的对象，有名词、代词、不定式或者相当于名词的词、短语担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。Shecoveredherfacewithherhands.Wehaven'tseenherforalongtime.Doyoumindopeningthewindow?句子成分之宾语Givemefourplease.Hewantstodreamanicedream.Weneedknowwhatothersaredoing.Weshouldcaremoreaboutourfriends.(介词+名词)宾语种类：双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)Youlendmeyourdictionary.Mymotherboughtmybrotheracomputer.复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.Ifindthehomeworkdifficulttofinish.句子成分之宾语补足语英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构。Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.(介词短语)句子成分之宾语补足语Ishouldadviseyoutogetthechance.(todo不定式)Isawhimgoingupstairs.(doing现在分词)Theyfoundthehousebrokenin.(done过去分词)句子成分之定语定语用来修饰名词或者代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或者相当于形容词的词或者短语都可以担任定语。Theyarewomenworkers.Tom’sfatherdidn’twritehomeuntilyesterday.(名词所有格)Maryisabeautifulgirl.句子成分之定语Theplayhasthreeacts.ThisisherfirsttriptoEurope.(代词、数词、不定式)Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(现在分词)Ihavenothingtoeat.(不定式)ThosewhowanttogotoTibetaretosigntheirnameshere.(定语从句)句子成分之状语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。Hediditcarefully.Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.(介词短语做条件状语。)句子成分之状语(Inorder)tocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.(不定式做目的状语)Thebestfishswimnearthebottom.(地点状语)Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.(原因状语)句子成分之状语Heoftencomestovisitus.(副词)Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybones.(结果状语)Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,singinganddancing.(伴随状语)Ifhegoes,sowillI.(条件状语)句子成分之同位语放在名词后面,与前面的名词指的是同一人或物。代词、名词、数词和从句都可以做同位语。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(名词)Weallarestudents.(代词)ThisisMr.Green,managerofourcompany.(名词短语)句子成分之同位语Wethreewillgotheretogether.(数词做同位语)Thenewsthatourteamgotthefirstplacemadeeveryonesoexcited.(that引导的从句就是news的内容)ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.指出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidthathewasill.一个完整的句子做宾语,那么这个句子叫宾语从句。指出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.③Soon,theyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.④Hishopeistobeateacher.⑤MydreamisthatIcanbeadmittedintoakeyuniversity.指出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourlastname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottocleanthefloor.3.Doyouknowthemanstandingatthedoor?4.Helikesthefilmwhichhesawlastweek.指出下列句中的宾语补足语①Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.②Shefounditdifficulttodothework.③TheycallmeLilysometimes.④IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.指出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.④HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.基本句型一主语+谓语(不及物动词)Birdsfly.(鸟飞。)主语谓语(不及物动词)Classbegins.(开始上课。)主语谓语(不及物动词)Herunsinthepark.(他在公园跑步。)主语谓语(地点状语)基本句型一发展公式Shesings.(她唱歌)Shesingswell.(她唱歌唱得好。)Shesangverywelllastnight.Shesangverywellatthepartylastnight.(在昨天的晚会上她唱歌唱得好。)Shesangverywellatthepartyheldlastnight.(分词短语作定语修饰party)常见只能做不及物动词的词arrive到达come来go去laugh笑sleep睡觉stay待在swim游泳walk步行work工作基本句型二主语+谓语+宾语ShelikesEnglish.(她喜欢英语。)Hereadthebook.(他读过那本书。)Iknowhimverywell.(代词做宾语)Theywanttogo.(不定式作宾语)Hestoppedwriting.(动名词作宾语)基本句型二发展公式Ilikethatstory.Ireallylikethatstory.(状语)Ilikethatstoryverymuch.(状语)Ilikethestorywhichhetoldus.(定语从句)基本句型三主语+系动词+表语Hebecameascientist.(他成了一名科学家主语系动词表语Hisfaceturnsred.(他的脸红了。)Thatbooklooksinteresting.那本书好像很有趣。Itgrewdark.(天变黑了。)基本句型三发展公式Heisateacher.Heisateacherinthathighschool.Hewasateacherinthathighschooltenyearsago.Hewasateacherinthathighschoolwhenhewasyoung.(状语从句)Hewhoisstandingthreeisateache