英语句子成分及五种简单句

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句子成分英语的基本成分有八种:主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)表语(predicative)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial)补足语(complement)同位语(appositive)句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名,代,数,不定式,动名词,短语或句子Westudyin168MiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么,是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用,一起构成谓语,说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形,代,数,名,副,介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词,形容词,副词,表示动作发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,方式,结果等副词,介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词,名词,介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础,宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无!句子成分详解表主语:是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。1)Mr.Leeisawell-knownscientist.2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.3)Twoandtenistwelve.4)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.5)Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.谓语:说明主语的动作或所处的状态。谓语(predicate)或谓语动词(predicateverb)的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.2)Iwouldliketoinviteallmyfriendshere.3)Ihavetriedthiswaythreetimes.4)WeshouldpayattentiontotheEnglishidioms.5)Heisworkinginthegarden.表语:是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词(如be,become)之后,与系动词一起构成复合谓语,说明主语的身份,特征,属性或状态等。单词、短语或从句均可充当表语。1)Wang’sfatherisadoctor.(名词)2)Heisalwayscareless.(形容词)3)Thebasketballmatchison.(副词)4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.(介词短语)5)Ouraimistowinmoremedals.(不定式)6)HisworkisteachingFrench.(动名词短语)7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.(从句)形式宾语:若宾语是动词不定式,动名词或从句,可用it作形式宾语代替其位置,而将其到宾补之后。Ifounditdifficulttofinishthetaskintime.Doyouconsideritanygoodsendingmorepeoplethere?Wehavemadeitclearthatwedisagreed.WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.(双宾语)me间接宾语表示动作是对谁或为谁做的。anovel直接宾语表示动作的直接承受者或结果。宾语:表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词或介词后面.1)WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.(双宾语)2)Themedicineisgoodforthisboy.3)DoyouunderstandwhatImean?4)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.5)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。①Maryisachemistryteacher.(名词作定语)②Heisourfriend.(代词作定语)③Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词作定语)④Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词作定语)⑤Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词作定语)⑥Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词短语作定语)⑦TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(现在分词短语作定语)⑧Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词作定语)⑨Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式作定语)⑩YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句作定语)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。1)Shesingsquitewell.(副词)2)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.(介词短语)3)Arrivingthere,callmeup.4)Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.5)IfIhavesomesparetime,IwilltakeupGerman.6)Heisveryhandsome.补足语:用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态。分为宾补和主补。主补:对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作,状态,特征.Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词作宾补)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词作宾补)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词作宾补)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语作宾补)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式名词作宾补)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式名词作宾补)Don’tkeepthefireburning.(现在分词名词作宾补)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词名词作宾补)同位语是在名词或代词之后,对其作进一步解释或说明,在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、和从句等均可作同位语。如:Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)Weallarestudents.(all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)Thenewsthatwe’rehavingaholidaytomorrowistrue.(从句作同位语)独立成分:与全句没有语法关系的句子成分叫做句子的独立成分。感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词:yes否定词:no称呼语:称呼人的用语。插入语:一些句中插入的Ithink,Ibelieve,等。如:Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend.我相信,这个故事还远没结束.指出下列诸句中画线部分是什么成分:1.Ontheleftofmyhouseisanoldchurch.2.Whycouldtheboilingpointofwaterbeloweratthetopofamountain?3.Iamnotgoingtoworktoday.4.Thisthingisforpeelingpotatoes.5.Whattimewillyouarrive?6.TheGeniepromisedthatifanyoneshouldcomeandsethimfree,hewouldmakehimveryrich.7.Whatnationalityareyou?S.S.V.Prep.O.Adv.O.C.Predicative8.Icouldn’tunderstandwhyhehaddecidedtoretireat50.9.Iamterriblyconfusedbyallthisinformation.10.Wehadalreadyreached9000feetbythen.11.Sheremindedmetoswitchoffallthelights.12.I’llbeabletopassmydrivingtestafterIhavehadafewlessons.13.Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.14.Itisobviousthatmoneydoesn’tgrowontrees.AdverbialV.O.C.O.O.C.S.O.什么是句子?句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.句子的第一个字母必须大写,结尾要有.?!Iamateacher.Areyouastudent?Howbeautifulthegirlis!英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:SV(主+谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构。如:Wecome.S│V(不及物动词)1.Thesun│rose.2.Who│cares?3.Whathesaid│doesnotmatter.4.They│talkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepen│writessmoothly此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.巩固练习:1.她昨天回家很晚。2.会议将持续两个小时。3.在过去的十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化.4.1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。5.每天八时开始上课。2.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.4.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.5.Cla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