英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案改

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IbelieveIcanfly.1行知中学高二学考复习之句子成分及基本句型【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如:(1)Lucyisabeautifulnurse.(名词作主语)(2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.(代词作主语)(3)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.(动名词作主语)(4)ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.(不定式作主语)(5)Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided.(主语从句作主语)(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。如:Hisparentsareteachers.(系动词和表语一起作谓语)Westudyhard.(行为动词作谓语)Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)HecanspeakEnglish.(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.(名词作宾语)Shesays(that)sheisill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)Weoftenhelphim.(代词作宾语)Helikestoplaybasketball.(不定式作宾语)Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。说明2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give,show(给……看),bring,pass,buy等。如:(1)Ourteachertellsusastory.(2)Thesungivesuslight.IbelieveIcanfly.2(五)表语表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。如:Iamateacher.(名词)Heisalwayshappy.(形容词)Theyareontheplaygroundnow.(介词短语)Itgetscold.(形容词)Be动词(am,is,are,was,were)系动词表保持(keep,stay,remain)表改变(get,become,turn)感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来))如:Itsoundsinteresting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain(为系动词,careful为表语)(六)定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如:Theblackbikeismine.(形容词)What’syourname?(代词)Theymakepaperflowers.(名词)说明1:当定语修饰不定代词:nothing,anything,everything,something等时,定语在不定代词后面。如:Itellhimsomethinginteresting.(形容词interesting作不定代词something的后置定语)Hehassomethingtodo.(todo为不定式作后置定语)(七)状语修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。如:Hediditcarefully.(副词)Weoftenhelphim.(副词)HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.(介词短语)WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.(从句作时间状语)Hesitsthere.(副词地点状语)一、典型例题写出划线部分的句子成分。1.Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.IbelieveIcanfly.32.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.3.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.4.Ilikethisbookverymuch.5.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane’ssister.6.Shedidn’tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.7.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.8.WewillgototheChildren’sPalaceonceaweek.9.Theyareintheclassroom.10.Itsoundsgood.11.HisnameisPaul.12.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.二、课后练习(一)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherdoesn'tdohishomework.ABCD②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABCD③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.ABCD④Howmanynewwordsdoyoulearn?ABCD⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?ABCD(二)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanisfeelingverytired.ABCD②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?ABCD③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCD④SoonTheyallbecomeinterestedinthesubject.IbelieveIcanfly.4ABCD⑤Sheisthefirsttolearnaboutit.ABCD(三)挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.ABCD②Whatisyourgivenname?ABCD③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.ABCD④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.ABCD⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.ABCD(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.ABCD②Heaskshertotaketheboyoutofschool.ABCD③Shefinditdifficulttodothework.ABCD④TheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCD⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABCD(五)挑出下列句中的状语①Thereisabigsmileonherface.ABCD②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.ABCD③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.ABCD④Themanonthemotorbikeistravellingtofast.ABCD⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.ABCD(六)划出句中的直接宾语()和间接宾语()①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Doesheleaveanymessageforme?IbelieveIcanfly.5典型例题答案一.写出划线部分的句子成分。1.主,谓,宾,状2.定,状3.表4.谓,宾,状5.定,定6.谓,状7.谓,宾,状8.谓,状9.表10.表11.定,表12.状,状课后练习(三)①D②D③B④A⑤B(四)①D②B③D④C⑤B(五)①C②C③A④B⑤B(六)①C②C③C④C⑤D(七)①D②A③D④D⑤A(八)①us,间接宾语astory,直接宾语②me,间接宾语anewbike,直接宾语③us,间接宾语history,直接宾语④Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语message,直接宾IbelieveIcanfly.6

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