英语句子种类

EnglishGrammarSentencescherry英语句子的种类(按交际用途）陈述句（说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。）疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句)祈使句(表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形)英语句子的种类(按交际用途）感叹句（由what或how引导的，表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦）THERE-BE存在句英语句子的种类(按结构)简单句(simplesentence)并列句(compoundsentence)复合句(complexsentence)I、句子种类（按交际用途分）陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、THERE-BE存在句1、陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2、疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3、祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4、感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!II、句子类型（按句子结构分）简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句二、句子类型1、简单句只包含一个主谓结构，个个成分都是单词或短语的句子。AllroadsleadtoRome.Hegotup,dressedquickly,washedhimselfandwentout.Isheasuperman?Don’tbeshy.Haveatry.Themandressedinblackseemstobeaspy.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)Vt（及物动词）系动词Vi（不及物动词）简单句（SimpleSentences）就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的,只要把这些基本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了Ilikethegoldeneagle.Ithasahookedbeak.Itlooksstrong.Itislovely.SSSSVVlinkingverbs(系动词)DODOP（表语)PredicativeV→1.S+V(lv)+P主语+谓语(系动词)+表语系动词表语表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)be(amisarewaswere)/seem/keep/…是/好象(似乎)是/保持look/feel/taste/smell/sound/…看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become/turn/get/grow/…变得常见的连系动词1.表示感觉的动词5个---翻译为…起来feel感到excited;smellgood;tastedelicious;soundinteresting;lookhappy2.表示变化的动词：有固定的搭配getsmaller;growolder;becomestronger;turnyellow;gobad;cometrue3.表示状态保持的动词：stayhealthy;keepwarm;remain保持be(am,is.are,was,were)是；seem似乎必须是这三类专门的词，而且必须表达这个特殊的含义时才是系动词。Wecalltheman‘David’.azookeeperSVDOOC(宾补)ObjectComplementSVDOOCSVDOOCImakehimangry.HetellsustoprotectthebirdsDavidS+V+DO+OC主+谓+宾+宾补WecallthemanDavidDOOC1仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词S+V+DO+OC主+谓+宾+宾补句型themanis就是是否存在逻辑上的主系表关系David此处为名词宾补可接名词宾补的动词有call/elect/name/find…HetellsustoprotectthebirdsDOOC1仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况就是我们常见的动词+sb+todo词组主+谓+宾+宾补句型简称主谓宾补此处为带to的动词不定式做宾补Hetellsustoprotectthebirds.常见的可接带to不定式宾补的动词有：tell,ask,want,wouldlike,wish,teach,invite…V+O+OC(Vsbtodosth)Mydeskmateoftenmakesmelaugh.常见的可接不带to不定式当宾补的动词有：一感二听三让五看”feel,/hear,listento,/let,make,have,/lookat,see,,watch,notice,observeV+O+OC(Vsbdosth)Hekeepsmewaiting.常见的可接动词-ing形式作宾补的动词有：Keep和see,hear,feel,watch,find…V+O+OC(Vsbdoingsth)Hespokeloudlytomakehimselfheard.常见的可接动词-ed形式作宾补的动词有：Have,make,get,see,hear,feel,watch,find…V+O+OC(Vsbdone)Canyouhearsomeoneplayingbasketballnextdoor?Hecamehomeatmidnightandfoundhismoneystolen.VsbdoneVsbdoingsthweshouldn’tgiveanyfood.thebirdsSVDO（直接宾语)DirectobjectIO(间接宾语)IndirectObjectHetellsmesomerules.IOVSDOsb.Sth.S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间宾+直宾句型IpassHeboughthimabookhissonapresent.IODOIODOtofor双宾语结构中有两个宾语，判断标准是可否将两个宾语顺序替换并加介词to/forS+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语加to:bring/give/offer/pass/show/sell/tell/send/lend/return/hand加for:buy/choose/draw/make/order/paint/sing/save()1.Theweatherisgettingwarmerandwarmer.()2.Wepaintedthewallwhite.()3.Heaskedmetogoswimmingwithhim.()4.OnSundaymanypeoplehaveawalkinthepark.()5.MaryandLynnliveinTaiyuan.()6.Hedideverythingtohelpthepoor.()7.Jennyboughtawatchforhim.练习:下列句子分别属于哪一基本句型二、句子类型2、并列句包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，分句由并列连词and,then,but,or,orelse,so,for,while,when;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,aswellas等来连接。Heisabasketballfan,andhiswifeisavolleyballfan.Honeyissweet,butthebeestings.Don’tbelate,forthereisameeting.Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.Heworkshardwhilehisbrotherisalazybone.HewasenjoyinghisKFCwhenafriendcame.常用并列连词coordinatingconjunctions平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…norbut,however,while,yet,whenfor,so,therefore,thusor,otherwise,either…or1.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforharvesting,________everydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.2.Heisabasketballfan,____hiswifeisavolleyballfan.3.Honeyissweet,_____thebeestings.4.Don’tbelate,______thereisameeting.5.Hurryup,____you’llbelate.6.Heworkshard______hisbrotherisalazybone.7.HewasenjoyinghisKFC_____afriendcame.练习：用适当的连词填空soandbutfororwhilewhen二、句子类型3、复合句复合句的某个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等，由另一个句子承当。（1）名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句统称为名词性从句。宾语从句注意事项：引导词、语序、时态呼应、语态。主语/表语/同位从句注意事项：引导词、语序、语态。注意：1、名词性从句由什么引导;2、whether与if的区别；3、连接代词有无-ever的区别；4、同位从和定从的区别。宾从的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：Iknow(that)hestudiesEnglisheveryday.Iknow(that)hestudiedEnglishlastterm.Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.Iknow(that)hehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.当主句动词是过去时态（could,would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．I、引导名词性从句的连接词：that（无意义，不可省，不充当任何成分）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）asif,asthough（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever连接副词：when,where,how,why连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分what&whateverwho&whoeverwhich&whichever引导名词性从句的区别1.___________isworthdoingisworthdoingwell.2.__________weneedismoretime.3.___________madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.4.___________breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoever___________________等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而____________________等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。Whoever,whateverWho,what二、句子类型3、复合句（2）定语从句=先行词+引导词+其它。引导词的选用取决于：1）先行词；2）引导词在定语从句中的成分；3）确定引导词。注意：定语从句中的主谓一致；Hewastheon