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ThefourbeautiesinancientChinaandtheaestheticalstandard(审美标准)oftheancientwomenXiShi,alsocalledXiZi,whowasbornintheSpringandAutumnPeriod,theYuestate,istheheadofthefourbeautiesofancientChina,sheisheavenlybeautyandhasgracefulcharm.TheYuestatewasdefeatedbyWu,thekingofYuewantedtostate,soXiShiandZhengDanwerededicatedto(献给)thekingofWu.LaterXiShibecametheKing'sfavoriteconcubine,disrupting(破坏)theorderofWu.YuestatecrossingtheopportunityandbeattheWustate.XiShi'sbeautywassaidtobesoextremethatwhileleaningoverabalconytolookatthefishinthepond,thefishwouldbesodazzledthattheyforgottoswimandsankawayfromthesurface.沉鱼醉——翎翼玉指拨弦万籁衰，姑苏台外水波开。美人笑靥惊天色，惹醉鱼儿沉下来。Thesmileofthebeautifulwomanmakesthecoloroftheskychanged,thefishinthewateralsosanktothebottomduetoseeingthissmilingface.WangZhaojun,whowasborninZigui,HubeiProvince.InthefirstyearofEmperorHanJianZhao,Wangwasselectedwhentheemperorcallintothebeautyintheworld.Later,shemarriedbeyondtheGreatWalltobuildfriendshipbetweenHanandHunandstopthewarforhalfacentury.WangZhaojunleftherhometownonhorsebackonabrightautumnmorningandbeganajourneynorthward.Alongtheway,thehorseneighed,makingZhaojunextremelysadandunabletocontrolheremotions.Asshesatonthesaddle,shebegantoplaysorrowfulmelodiesonastringedinstrument.Aflockofgeeseflyingsouthwardheardthemusic,sawthebeautifulyoungwomanridingthehorse,immediatelyforgottoflaptheirwings,andfelltotheground.Fromthenon,Zhaojunacquiredthenicknamefellsgeeseordropsbirds.李白《王昭君》另一昭君拂玉鞍，上马蹄红颜。今日汉宫人，明朝胡地妾。Zhaowipejadesaddleandthenridewest.Todaysheisawomenbelongtopalace,buttomorrowshewillbethewifeofhun.DiaoChanwasaShanxiXinzhouperson.ShewasofficialWangYun’ssingerintheEasternHanDynasty.Shewasprettybeautifulandheavenlyfragrance–peony(国色天香),herbeautycouldoverthrowthecountriesandcities.EasternHan，thedynastywasmanipulated（操纵）byatraitor（逆贼），DongZhuo.WangYunworriedthatDongZhuowouldusurp（篡夺）theEasternHanDynasty,sohethoughtaseriesofstratagems（计谋）.FirsthesentDiaoChantoLvBusecretly,thensenthertoDongZhuoinpublic.DiaoChanmovedinthetwoperson.Thetwomanwasdeeplyfascinated.OnedaywhenDiaoChanenjoyedthemooninthegarden,thelightwindsuddenlycame,thebrightmoonwascoveredbyapieceofcloud,whichwasseenbyWangYun.Inordertopublicizedhowbeautifulhisdaughteris,WangYunalwayssaidtootherpeoplethathisdaughterwasmorebeautifulthanthemoonbecausethemoonquicklyhiddenbehindthecloudswhencomparedwithDiaoChan.Therefore,DiaoChanisalsoknownasoutshiningthemoon.美人为计凝眉愁，思前想后无心休。一心思报王公恩，无意为国雪恨仇。高贵典雅应为貂，歌声婉约当属蝉。貂蝉之貌使月闭，不知王公情何堪？——《貂蝉赋》Sheisasnobleandelegantasamink(貂),hersangisasgracefulasacicada(蝉).DiaoChan’sgoodlooksmakethemoonhid,peopledon’tknowMrWang’sfeeling.YangYuhuan(719-756),alsocalledTaiZhen,theancestralhomeofPuzhouYongle(nowShanxiYongjicounty),wasborninSichuanChengdu(nowSichuanChengdu).AfterbeingShouwangLimao’srani(王妃),shebecameLiLongji’shigh-rankedimperialconcubine(贵妃).。Afterenteringthepalace,Yangmissdhome.Shecried”WhencanIhavemyday?”Whenshetouchedtheflower.Petalsshrinkedinstantlyandleavesrolled.Then,amaidsawandsaideverywherethatYangYuhuancomparedbeautywithflowers,flowershungitsheadshamefacedly.That'swhyYangalsocalledxiuhua.长安回望绣成堆，山顶千门次第开。一骑红尘妃子笑，无人知是荔枝来。——《过华清宫绝句》杜牧天生丽质难自弃，一朝选在君王侧。回眸一笑百媚生，六宫粉黛无颜色。——《长恨歌》白居易Endowedwithnaturalbeautytoohardtohide,Onedayshestoodselectedforthemonarch’sside.Turningherhead,shesmiledsosweetandfullofgraceThatsheoutshoneinsixpalacesthefairestface.Anyaesthetictasteofaneraandwascloselyrelatedwiththepolitical,economic,socialandculturalbackgrounds,andthefactorstothemisthechangeofsocial,whichmeansthatsocialenvironmentconstraintspeopleappreciatingbeautyandactsofpursuitingbeauty.Atonetime,theancientChineseaestheticandideologicalconnotationaren’tjusthappenwithoutfoundation,itmustberootedinaspecificera.商纣先秦两汉魏晋隋唐宋元明清Rouge(胭脂),akindofhairdressingcosmeticstheancientwomenmostwidelyused,comesfromflowerscalledYanZhi(燕支),soitalsocalledYanZhi(燕支).DatedfromZhouperiod,itcondensedwith(凝结)flowers(红蓝花)tocleanfaceatfirst.Inancienttimes,thepalacearecommonlyusedrougetomakeup.Rubbingcheekstoothickwascalled“winedizzymakeup“(酒晕妆),alightshinewascalled”peachmakeup”（桃花妆）andfirstthinrougethenawhitepowdercoatwascalled“flychardonnaymakeup”（飞霞妆）.Later,itcanalsowiperougeonthelip,whichistheprototypeofthelipstick.桃花妆Intheearlytime,peopleoftenuse“fair“(粉黛)todescribewomen.Infact,powderisancientwomen‘scosmetics（化妆品）.IntheperiodofShangZhou(商纣时期),thefemalehasthepursuitofbeauty.Peopleknewtoburnleadpowder（烧铅坐粉）toapplyontheface,makingtheskinsmooth.InnerbeautyclothingDelicate,obedientandgentleKingChuperformswaistandtherearemanypeoplestarvetodeathinthepalacemoralityandtalentSimplicitynodecorationTheappearancePre-QinandHanDynastiesWomenthroughfoodintake(食物摄入),themaintenanceofdrugs(药物的保养),tocondition(护理)theirlook,bodyandskinfromtheinside.Andatthattimewomenwererespected(推崇)drinkingthedonkey-hidegelatinsoup,whichhavebeendevelopedasahabit,particularlyinthewinter,womenwilldrinkeveryday.Therefore,thewomeninthepalaceallhaveabeautifulface.ThemostinterestingisthefacemakeupofHandynastywomen:Womenarecoatedwithwhitemakeupontheirface,usetheredcoatinginth