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国际音标及课本语法中小学在线一对一1.音素和国际音标2.前元音：[i:][i][e][æ]中元音：[ʌ][ǝ:][ǝ]后元音：[ɑ:][ɔ][ɔ:][u][u:]国际音标中小学在线一对一picture['pɪktʃə]happy['hæpɪ]音素和国际音标1.什么是音素：字母在单词中的发音。2.音素的分类：元音和辅音。3.音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。4.什么是音标：记录音素的符号叫音标。英语国际音标48个英语国际音标48个英语国际音标48个前元音：[i:][i][e][æ]前元音发音要领：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬颚抬起，双唇不要收圆。注意：[i:]是长元音，发长元音时要比发短元音长两倍以上。[i:]①舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量向硬颚抬起。②嘴唇向两旁伸开，成扁平形。[i]①舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬颚抬起。②发音短促，上下齿之间可容纳小指尖[e]①舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，比[i:]低。②牙床开得比[i:]宽，上下齿间可容纳一个食指。[æ]①舌尖抵下齿。②双唇向两旁平伸，嘴张开比e大，两齿间可以容纳食指和中指。1.[i]发音字母iyesit[sɪt]picture['pɪktʃə]it[ɪt]is[ɪz]list[lɪst]six[sɪks]mix[mɪks]fix[fɪks]fit[fɪt]pig[pɪg]big[bɪg]build[bɪld]miss[mɪs]many['menɪ]twenty['twentɪ]happy['hæpɪ]defect[dɪ'fekt]decide[dɪ'saɪd]delicious[dɪ'lɪʃəs]dictionary['dɪkʃə'nɛri]2.[i:]字母组合:eeeaeiethree[θriː]tree[triː]green[griːn]sheep[ʃiːp]meet[miːt]beef[biːf]see[siː]seek[siːk]eat[iːt]tea[tiː]meat[miːt]leave[liːv]lead[li:d]teacher['tiːtʃə]team[tiːm]mean[miːn]speak[spiːk]clean[kliːn]piece[piːs]receive[rɪ'siːv]3.[e]字母组合ea、e、ahead[hed]bread[bred]pleasure['pleʒə]elephant['elɪf(ə)nt]electric[ɪ'lektrɪk]sell[sel]shell[ʃel]remember[rɪ'membə]lesson['les(ə)n]better['betə]bed[bed]desk[desk]hotel[həʊˈtel]yes[jes]many['menɪ]any['enɪ]4.[æ]发音字母abag[bæg]hand[hænd]and[ænd]ant[ænt]happy['hæpɪ]hat[hæt]map[mæp]mad[mæd]bad[bæd]black[blæk]back[bæk]glad[glæd]flag[flæg]shall[ʃæl;ʃ(ə)l]man[mæn]中元音：[ʌ][ǝ:][ǝ]中元音发音要领：舌尖抵住下齿，但不如发前元音时抵得那样紧。舌身的中部隆起，扁唇（双唇不要收圆）。[ǝ:]①舌中部稍抬起。②双唇和发[i:]时相似。[ǝ]①舌中部抬起。②牙床半开半合，短促有力。[ʌ]①舌中部稍抬起。②开口程度和[æ]相似，唇形扁。1.[ʌ]字母组合uoooouup[ʌp]supper['sʌpə]lunch[lʌntʃ]fun[fʌn]Gun[gʌn]hunt[hʌnt]cup[kʌp]bus[bʌs]blood[blʌd]flood[flʌd]come[kʌm]mother['mʌðə]does[dʌz]brother['brʌðə]love[lʌv]above[ə'bʌv]trouble['trʌbl]rough[rʌf]flourish['flʌrɪʃ]2.[ə]字母组合erorouearoauteacher['tiːtʃə]leader['liːdə]remember[rɪ'membə]player['pleɪə]speaker['spiːkə]farmer['fɑːmə]powder['paʊdə]doctor['dɒktə]actor['æktə]mayor[‘meɪə]author['ɔːθə]delicious[dɪ'lɪʃəs]dollar['dɒlə]together[tə'geðə]tomorrow[tə'mɒrəʊ]today[tə'deɪ]control[kən'trəʊl]around[ə'raʊnd]ago[ə'gəʊ]banana[bə'nɑːnə]Canada['kænədə]Japan[dʒə'pæn]china[ˈtʃaɪnə]3.[ɜː]字母组合irurearerorgirl[gɜːl]shirt[ʃɜːt]skirt[skɜːt]thirty['θɜːtɪ]thirteen[θɜː'tiːn]third[θɜːd]bird[bɜːd]turn[tɜːn]burn[bɜːn]murder['mɜːdə]nurse[nɜːs]turtle['tɜːt(ə)l]thursday['θɜːzdeɪ]learn[lɜːn]earn[ɜːn]earth[ɜːθ]heard[hɜːd]term[tɜːm]her[hɜː]serve[sɜːv]后元音：[ɑ:][ɔ][ɔ:][u][u:]后元音发音要领：①舌尖不触下齿，舌身后缩，舌后部向软颚抬起，除[ɑ:]外，双唇要收圆。②发[ɑ:][ɔ:][u:]时要注意长度，不要发得太短。[ɑ:]舌尖不触下齿，口张大，舌身平放后缩。[ɔ]①舌尖不触下齿，口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩。②双唇稍稍收圆。[ɔ:]①舌后部比发[ɔ]时抬得略高。②双唇也收得更圆更小，并须用力向前突出。[u]①舌尖不触下齿,舌后部向软颚抬起,舌身后缩。②双唇收圆，稍向前突出。[u:]双唇比发[u]时收得更圆更小，向前突出，舌后部比发[u]时抬得更高。1.[a:]字母组合aracar[kɑː]farm[fɑːm]card[kɑːd]arm[ɑːm]garden['ɡɑrdn]fast[fɑːst]class[klɑːs]last[lɑːst]glass[glɑːs]plant[plɑːnt]aunt[ɑːnt]calm[kɑːm]2.[ɔ:]字母组合alauorourarsmall[smɔːl]wall[wɔːl]talk[tɔːk]tall[tɔːl]ball[bɔːl]hall[hɔːl]call[kɔːl]walk[wɔːk]author['ɔːθə]caught[kɔːt]autumn['ɔːtəm]short[ʃɔːt]more[mɔː]lord[lɔːd]horse[hɔːs]for[fɔ:]forty['fɔːtɪ]sport[spɔːt]door[dɔː]floor[flɔː]store[stɔː]four[fɔː]bought[bɔːt]warm[wɔːm]3.[ɔ]发音字母oahot[hɒt]lost[lɒst]lot[lɒt]fox[fɒks]box[bɒks]mop[mɒp]hop[hɒp]loss[lɒs]not[nɒt]want[wɒnt]wash[wɒʃ]watch[wɒtʃ]4.[u]字母组合ooouuolook[lʊk]good[gʊd]foot[fʊt]book[bʊk]wood[wʊd]should[ʃʊd]could[kʊd]put[pʊt]full[fʊl]bull[bʊl]pull[pʊl]push[pʊʃ]woman['wʊmən]wolf[wʊlf]人称代词和物主代词中小学在线一对一一、人称代词表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词，叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：（1）人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。如：Iamateacher.Youarestudent.Heisastudent,too.We/You/Theyarestudents.（2）人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。如：Giveittome.Let’sgo(let’s=letus)（3）人称代词的语序几个人称代词并列作主语时，它们的顺序是：单数形式（2，3，1）you,heandI复数形式（1，2，3）we,youandthey二、物主代词示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人称和数的变化见下表：（1）形容词性物主代词在句中作定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名词。如：herbookmyteacherhisbike（2）名词性物主代词常用来避免和前面提及的名词重复。相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,故其后不必加名词。如：Isthisyourbook?No,itisn’t，it’shers(herbook).Thispenismine.一、选择填空:1.Who’ssingingoverthere?—________isSandy’ssister.A.ThatB.ItC.SheD.This2.________willspendthesummerholidayinHawaii.A.She,youandIB.You,sheandIC.I,youandsheD.Her,meandyou3.Betweenyouand________,heisnotarealfriend.A.meB.IC.heD.his4.Myuncleboughtanewbikefor________.A.theirsB.theyC.meD.I5.MrSmithoftenpraises________forhisprogressinstudies.A.heB.himC.ID.me6.Here’sapostcardforyou,Jim!—Oh,________isfrommyfriend,Mary.A.heB.itC.sheD.it’s7.Don’tshaketheyoungtree.________leavesarefallingoff.Youshouldlookafter________.A.It,it’sB.It’s,itC.Its,itD.It,it8.LittleBabyknowsthatheshouldnottakethethingsthatdonotbelongto________.A.heB.hisC.herD.him9.Willanyonegoonatripwithhim?—Not________.A.IB.meC.mineD.he10.Amongthoselovelytoys,thebrowntoydogwasgivenby________.A.heB.hisC.himD.he’s二、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空:A.从括号内选择正确的代词填空1.Yourfootballclothesareonthedesk.Pleaseput_________(they，them，their，theirs)away.2.(We，Us，Our，Ours)_________EnglishteacherisMrs.Green.Wealllike_________(she，her，hers).3.(I，Me，My，Mine)_________can’tgetmykite.Couldyouhelp_________(I，me，my，mine)?4.Tomcan’tgetdownfromthetree.Canyouhelp_________(he，him，his)?5.Herkiteisbroken.Can_________(you，your，yours)mendit?6.Wecan’tfi