大学英语一unit 4.American dream.

Unit4AmericanDreamTonyTrivisonno’sAmericanDreamFrederickC.CrawfordCultureNotesAmericanDream:thebeliefofAmericansthattheircountryoffersopportunitiesforagoodandsuccessfullife.Forminoritiesandimmigrants,thedreamalsoincludesfreedomandequalrights.Depressiondays:theperiodofsevereeconomicfailureinmostcountriesoftheworldthatlastedfrom1929untilWorldWarII.ItbeganintheUSwhentheNewYorkStockExchangefellon29October1929,knownasBlackTuesday.Manybusinessandbanksfailedandmillionsofpeoplelosttheirjobs.PresidentFranklinD.RooseveltimprovedthesituationwithhisNewDealpolicy,buttheGreatDepressionwasonlyendedbyindustrialproductionforthewar.CultureNotesImmigrants:Apartfrom“NativeAmericans”---Indians---whowerelivinginNorthAmericawhenpeoplefirstarrivedtherefromEurope,allAmericanshaveancestorswhowereimmigrants.IntheUSthewordimmigrantisoftenusedwithapositivemeaning.Peopleareproudtosaythattheirancestorswereimmigrantswhocamewithverylittleandbuiltabetterlifeforthemselves.MostAmericanshaveaclearideaofwhatlifewaslikefortheimmigrants:theylefthomebecausetheywerepoorandthoughttheywouldhavebetteropportunitiesintheUS.ForthemtheAmericandreamwasthattalentandhardworkcouldtakethemfromlogcabintoWhiteHouse.OnceintheUS,lifewasnoteasy.Manyimmigrantshadtoworkforlittlemoneyinfactorieswhereconditionswerehardanddangersandlivedincrowedbuildings.Butslowlytheyimprovedtheirlivesandmanywrotehometoencourageotherstocome.TextAnalysisThistext,likeTextAinunit1,employstimewordsandphrasesinnarration.Timewordsserveastransitionaldevicesbywhichanauthorswitchesfromoneeventtoanother.Thelattereventmaytakeplaceeitherbeforeoraftertheformer,whichallowsanauthorfreedominnarration.Forexample,TextAinUnit1thusbecomesapieceofnarrationinterspersedwithflashbacks(插叙).Foranotherexample,theauthorofthistextisabletokeephisnarrationconcisebysimplyrecountingTony’sstepstowardsuccess,sincethetimephrasesmakeitunnecessarytosqueezeintoomanydetailsabouthowhesucceededduringeachstep.However,wearenotsayingthatdetailsareunimportant.Thosedetailsvitaltothestorydevelopmentarecarefullyinsertedintothetext.Forexample,whyisTony’sfaultyEnglishsentence“Imowyourlawn”repeatedfourtimes?That’sbecauseitshowsTony’sdeterminationinfindingajob,andhisoptimisticviewthatpeoplewouldhelpamanwhoneededajob.•Besides,doestheauthorhimselfevermakeastatementclaimingTonytobeagoodworker?No.hemakesyouinferfromotherpeople’scompliments(e.g.,“mywifesaidhewasveryhelpful”;thepersonneldepartment“saidTonywasaverygoodworker”;“Igotareportthathehadgraduatedasaskilledgrinder”;whenTonydied,peoplefound“thefarmgreenwithvegetables,thelittlehouselivableandhomey.Therewereatractorandagoodcarintheyard.Thechildrenwereeducatedandworking,andTonydidn’toweacent.”)•OrconsiderthethreeinstanceswhereTony’sphysicalappearanceisdescribed.Theypresentanincreasinglywell-to-doTony.Or,haveyounoticedthatTonyhadremainedstandingwhenhetalkedtoMr.CrawforduntilinLine65“Wesatdownandtalked”?Tony’ssocialstatusimprovedenoughtoallowhimtositdownwithMr.CrawfordLanguagepointsTurnawayWorkoutHelpfulDowithPersonnelCapacityTurndownForsaleWreckCallonLoanDiscardConfidenceAmazeDietHuntAbandonSponsorAmusePassawayHandlecreate1.OnemorningIfoundhim_____inthedriveway.a.stoodb.standc.standingd.tostand2.ItoldTonythatIcouldn’t_____agardener.a.fireb.affordc.charged.pay3.HowcouldI_____apersonwhohadcometomeforhelp?a.turntob.turnoverc.turnupd.turnaway4.Whatdoyoudo______suchdeterminationandhope?a.aboutb.withc.awaywithd.to5.Ontheedgeoftown,hehadfoundahouse______.a.forsaleb.onsalec.tosaled.sold6.MywifeandIwere____withwhatwefeltwasa____endofthestory.a.delighted,satisfiedb.delighted,satisfyingc.delighting,satisfiedd.delighting,satisfying7.Hehadalookof_____.a.confidenceb.confidentialc.confined.confident8.Hefoundasmall____pieceoflandwithahouseandshed.a.abashedb.absorbedc.abandonedd.abstract9._______later,TonyarrivedonaSundayafternoon,neatlydressed.a.Sometimesb.Sometimec.Sometimesd.Sometime10.Then,duringthewar,amessagecamefrommycompany.Tonyhad____________.a.passedonb.passedtoc.passedbyd.passedaway1.c2.b3.d4.b5.a6.b7.a8.c9.d10.dturnaway1.Tosendaway;dismiss;把…打发走；解雇：turnedawaythesalesperson.2.Torepel:驱逐：Thepoorlocationofthecondominiumturnedawaymanyprospectivebuyers.公寓房偏僻的位置赶跑了许多很有希望的买主.3.Toavert;deflect:挡开；使转向：turnedawayallcriticism.Workout1.算出（总数）toworkoutasum算出总数2.带来好结果；有预期的结果Thingswillworkthemselvesout.事情会有好结果的。3.运动；锻炼toworkoutdailywithsparringpartner每天和拳击陪练员练习4.（矿山）开采完，采尽helpadj.有用的；有帮助的；有益的Thehelpfulboycarriedmybagsforme.这个挺顶用的男孩帮我搬运提包。You'vebeenveryhelpful.你(给我们)帮了很多忙。helpfullyadv.helpfulnessn.Dowith1.（前面与could,can连用）需要Icoulddowithacupoftea.我来杯茶就行。2.有关系*havesth.todowith*havenothingtodowith3.对待,处理dealwith(usedinquestionswithwhat)Whatdoyoudowithsuchrudeboys?Whatarewegoingtodowiththehugerocklyinginthemiddleoftheroad?personnel1.全体人员,职员,班底(与复数动词连用)engineeringandtechnicalpersonnel工程技术人员Allpersonnelinthiscompanyareentitledtomedicalinsurance.2.人事(部门)personneldepartment人事处[科]personneldirector人事主任personnelmanager人事经理*常用于修饰另一个名词：personnelproblems个人问题Capacity词源同capable-ties1.容量；生产量Tha