2016年4月学位英语真题及答案

12016年4月24日学位英语考试真题答案解析-阅读理解（统考卷）PassageOneThenewyearbroughtnewdesksforstudentsatVallecitoElementarySchool,inSanRafael,California.Thelastthreeoftheschool's22classroomsswitchedfromseateddeskstostandingdesks.“It'snowthefirstall-standingschool,”JulietStarretttoldTFK.ShestartedthegroupStandUpKids.HergoalistohaveeveryU.S.publicschoolkidusingastandingdeskwithinthenext10years.Starrett'sdaughters—Georgia,10,andCaroline,7—attendVallecito.Theyarethrilledwiththeirdesks.“Youfeelhappier,you'relesstired,andyou'remoreactive,”Georgiasays.Someofthedeskshavewheelsandfidgetbars.Thebarsletkidsmoveinawaythatdoesn'tdisturbtheclass.Wheelsallowthedeskstobemovedeasily.Thedesksalsoadjusttodifferentheights.Kidstakebreaksbysittingonthefloororonstools.Thereisthetrendofdesigningthingstomakethemeasyandsafetouse.AccordingtoMarkBenden,directoroftheTexasA&MCenter,standingworkersaremorefocusedandhealthier.Hesayshisresearchshowsthatkidsusingstandingdesksaremoreengagedandburnmorecalories(卡路里).InDecember,researchersinNewZealand,Australia,andtheUnitedKingdomreleasedsimilarfindings.Butnoteveryoneisconvincedstandingisbetterthansitting.Someparentsandteachersworrythatkidswillgettiredandthatstandingforlongperiodsoftimemaybeharmful.Andstandingdesksaremoreexpensive.Bendensaysbothsittingandstandingdeskscancauseproblemsiftheyarenottheproperheight.“Ourmessageshouldnotbe‘Sitless,standmore,'”hesays,“but‘Sitless,movemore.'”11.HowmanyclassroomsinVallecitoareequippedwithstandingdesks?A.3B.25C.19D.2212.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Whystandingdesksareused.B.Wherestandingdesksareused.C.Howstandingdesksareused.D.Whousestandingdesks.13.MarkBenden'sresearchshowsthatkidsusingstandingdesks.A.feelmoretiredB.aremorefocusedC.getbetterscoresD.tendtoeatmore14.TheresearchersinAustraliaandtheUK(para.4).A.wouldagreewithBendenB.arenotfullyconvincedbyBendenC.partlysupportBenden'sfindingsD.findithardtoacceptBenden'stheory15.Someparentsandteachersworrythatusingstandingdesksmay.A.disturbthekidsinclassB.leavetheclassroomnoisyC.harmthestudents'healthD.increasetheteachers'workloadPassageTwoJapanandGermanyhavetheworld'soldestpopulations,butneithercountryhasenoughtrainedhealthcareworkerstomeettheneedsofolderadults.So,theyareturningtoVietnamforhelp.Thismonth,100youngVietnamesearegoingtoGermanyaspartofaprojecttotrainwhatarecalledgeriatric(老年的)nursestoworkintheEuropeancountry.Thetraineesrecentlycompletedasix-monthlanguageandcultureclass,theywill2spendthenexttwoyearsinanoccupationaltrainingprogram.Ifthetraineespassthefinalexam,theywillbeabletoworkinGermanyasgeriatricnursesforanother3years.Germanyisfacingacrisisaslowbirthratescombinewithagrowingpopulationofcitizenswhoarelivinglonger.About20percentofthepopulationisovertheageof65,andthatpercentageisexpectedtocontinuerising.ThisisaproblemJapanalsofaces.Laterthisyear,150VietnamesecandidateswillgotoJapanfortwoyearsoftrainingatthecountry'shospitals,afterthattheyareexpectedtotakethenationalnursingexam.JapanalreadytrainsnursesfromthePhilippinesandIndonesia,butthehealthcaresystemhasbeencriticizedforbeingtooharsh.Allcandidatesmusttakethesameexam,butitisverydifficultforforeignapplicantsbecausefewcanspeaktheJapaneselanguage.Evenwithanagingpopulation,manyJapaneseareopposedtoforeignersworkinginsomeindustries.Criticssayforeignlaborcouldleadtohigherunemployment,butthereislittleoppositiontoforeignnurses.InVietnam,thesituationisverydifferent.60percentofthepopulationwasbornaftertheVietnamwarendedin1985.TherearenotenoughjobsforeveryonewhowantsoneinVietnam,butlearningthenursingskillscanhelpthemfindjobsoverseas.16.TheoverseasVietnamesenursesmustcompletethefollowingEXCEPT.A.aculturecourseB.ahealthcareexamC.alanguagetrainingD.adrivingtest17.AVietnameseyoungsterwillspendatleastinGermanybeforeworkingthereasageriatricnurse.A.sixmonthsB.oneandahalfyearsC.twoandahalfyearsD.fiveyears18.ItisinferredfromthepassagethatinJapan.A.thehealthcaresystemismuchmorestrictthanthatinGermanyB.themajorityofnursesarefromVietnam,IndonesiaandthePhilippinesC.theVietnamesewhopassthenationalexamswillbetrainedathospitalsD.foreignersfindithardtopassnursingexamsbecausefewcanspeakJapanese19.Facedwiththeagingpopulation,manyJapanese.A.welcomeforeignnursesworkinginJapanB.opposeforeignlaborworkinginmostplacesC.criticizethegovernmentforbeingtooharshD.blamethegovernmentforhighunemployment20.Thelastparagraphindicatesthat.A.theVietnamesealsofacetheagingproblemB.overhalfoftheVietnameseareundertheageof45C.sixtypercentpeoplecannotfindjobsinVietnamD.moreandmoreVietnamesehavefoundjobsabroadPassageThreeBornaround1770inTennessee,SequoyahwasaCherokee.LikeotherNativeAmericansofthattime,hecouldneitherreadnorwrite.Hecouldn'thelpnoticing,though,howwhitepeoplewrotetooneanotheronsheetsofpaper.Theyoftenusedthese“talkingleaves,”assomeNativeAmericanscalledthem,tocommunicate.Backthen,theCherokeehadnowaytowritedownwordsintheirownlanguage.SequoyahbelieveditwasimportantfortheCherokeetohaveasystemof3writing.So,in1809,hesetouttocreateanalphabetthattheCherokeecouldusetodojustthat.Sequoyahstartedbydrawingpictures,witheachonere