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JohnMiltonParadiseLost•ParadiseLostisalongepic.ThestoriesaretakenfromtheOldTestament.•ParadiseLostwasactuallywrittenafterMiltonbecametotallyblind.Hespentsevenyearsuponthisepicpoem.TherebelliousSatanistheembodimentoftherevolutionaryMilton.Inspiteofhisblindness,heendeavorstodohisutmost.TheParadiseLost•TheParadiseLostisthegreatest,indeedtheonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf;ParadiseLostisMilton'smasterpiece.ThethemeistheFallofMan,i.e.man'sdisobedienceandthelossofParadise,withitsprimecause-Satan.HispurposewastojustifythewaysofGodtoman-i.e.submissiontotheAlmighty.•Inheaven,SatanledarebellionagainstGod.Defeated,heandhisrebelangelswerecastintoHell.However,Satanrefusedtoaccepthisfailure,vowingthat“allwasnotlost”.ThepoemgoesontotellhowSatantookrevengebytemptingAdamandEve,thefirsthumanbeingscreatedbyGod,toeatfruitfromthetreeofknowledgeagainstGod’sinstructions.Fortheirdisobedience,AdamandEveweredrivenoutofParadise.TheParadiseAdamandEve•TheyweresorryforwhattheyhaddoneandprayedtoGod.Inthelastbooktheyweregiventhehopeforredemption.ThepoemendedwithAdamandEvewalkingawayfromParadise,handinhand,andthegatesofEdenwereclosedbehindthem.Satan•SomereadersconsiderSatantobethehero,orprotagonist,ofthestory,becausehestrugglestoovercomehisowndoubtsandweaknessesandaccomplisheshisgoalofcorruptinghumankind.Satan,theimage•SatanandhisfellowrebelangelswhoarefoundchainedtoalakeoffireinHellquicklyfreethemselvesandflytoland,wheretheydiscovermineralsandconstructPandemonium,whichwillbetheirmeetingplace.InsidePandemonium,therebelangels,whoarenowdevils,debatewhethertheyshouldbeginanotherwarwithGod.•InParadiseLost,SatanistherebelwhoneverbowsdowntoGodevenwhenhefailed.Heisagoodmilitaryleader.HerefusestoacknowledgethepowerofGod.Heisdeterminedtocontinuethebattle.Hefeelssorrowatthesufferingsofthoseangels.Hehasledtosoterribleapunishment,butheisverycruel.Hehasindomitablepride,unconquerablerebellion,andthewilltoevilandpower.Hesaid,Onlydoevil,nogood.HetriestobeasequalasGod.SatanandGod•ThesymbolforSatan.•TheGodandSatanOldBibleParadiseLostGodauthorityDespot,selfish,cruelandunjustSatandevilGrandhero/toleadanactiveandfreshlifeAdamandEveobedientrebelliousTheStoryofParadiseLost•Thecreation•TherebellionofSatanandhisfellowangels•TheirdefeatandexpulsionfromHeaven•CreationoftheearthandofAdamandEve•SataninhellplottingagainstGod•Satan’stemptationofEve•DepartureofAdamandEvefromEdenParadiseLostBookI•Invocationandintroductionofpoem'stheme•AnaccountofSatan'srevoltandexpulsionfromHeaven•DialoguebetweenSatanandBeelzebub•Theotherdevils'rallyingaroundSatan-thedemonichostlisted•Satan'sspeechtothelegions(aboutthecreationofman)•ThebuildingofPandemoniumParadiseLost–LeadingUptotheBeginning•Atbeginningofpoem,warinHeavenhasbeenoverfortwoweeks;•Forninedays,SatanandthosewhofoughtGodalongsidehimhavebeenlyinginHell,stunnedattheoutcome;•ThefirstcharactertomoveisSatan,whobeginsbyspeakingtoBeelzebub;•Startstosortofrallyhistroops.ParadiseLost50.Ninetimesthespacethatmeasuresdayandnight51.Tomortalmen,hewithhishorridcrew52.Layvanquish'd,rollinginthefierygulf,53.Confoundedthoughimmortal.Buthisdoom54.Reserv'dhimtomorewrath;fornowthethought55.Bothoflosthappinessandlastingpain56.Tormentshim;roundhethrowshisbalefuleyes,57.Thatwitness'dhugeafflictionanddismay58.Mix'dwithobdurateprideandsteadfasthate.50.依照人间的计算，大约九天九夜，51.他和他那一伙可怕的徒众，52.沉沦辗转在烈火的深渊中。53.虽属不死之身，却象死者一样横陈；54.但这个惩罚反激起他更大的忿怒，55.既失去了幸福，又受无穷痛苦的煎熬。56.他抬起忧郁的双眼，环顾周遭，57.摆在眼前的是莫大的隐忧和烦恼，58.顽固的傲气和难消的憎恨交织着。Lines59-6459.Atonce,asfarasAngelsken,heviews60.Thedismalsituationwasteandwild:61.Adungeonhorribleonallsidesround62.Asonegreatfurnaceflam'd;yetfromthoseflames63.Nolight,butratherdarknessvisible64.Serv'donlytodiscoversightsofwoe,Lines59-6459.霎时间，他竭尽天使的目力，望断60.际涯，但见悲风弥漫，浩渺无垠，61.四面八方围着他的是个可怕的地牢，62.象一个洪炉的烈火四射，但那火焰63.却不发光，只是灰蒙蒙的一片，64.可以辨认出那儿的苦难景况，Hell•MiltonusesdarknessandimagerytoindicatethehorridnessofHell–“fierygulf(52)–“dungeonhorrible”(61)–“Nolight,butratherdarknessvisible”(63)–“discoversightsofwoe”(64)65.Regionsofsorrow,dolefulshades,wherepeace66.Andrestcanneverdwell,hopenevercomes67.Thatcomestoall,buttorturewithoutend68.Stillurges,andafierydeluge,fed69.Withever-burningsulphurunconsum'd.70.SuchplaceEternalJusticehadprepar'd71.Forthoserebellious;heretheirprisonordain'd72.Inutterdarkness,andtheirportionset,73.Asfarremov'dfromGodandlightofHeav'n74.Asfromthecentrethricetoth'utmostpole.JacobsLadder65.悲惨的境地和凄怆的暗影。66.和平和安息绝不在那儿停留，67.希望无所不到，惟独不到那里。68.只有无穷无尽的苦难紧紧跟着69.永燃的硫磺不断地添注，不灭的70.火焰，洪水般向他们滚滚逼来。71.这个地方，就是正义之神为那些72.叛逆者准备的，在天外的冥荒中73.为他们设置的牢狱，那个地方74.离开天神和天界的亮光，75.相当于天极到中心的三倍那么远。•FromLines65--73•Physicaltorment-fieryyetdark•Physiologicalpain–“doom”“Losthappiness”“dismay”•Eternalpunishment•Lightanddarkimagery75.Ohhowunliketheplacefromwhencetheyfell!76.Therethecompanionsofhisfall,o'erwhelm'd77.Withfloodsandwhirlwindsoftempestuousfire,78.Hesoondiscerns;andwelt'ringbyhisside79.Onenexthimselfinpowerandnextincrime,80.LongafterknowninPalestineandnam'd81.Beëlzebub.Towhomth'Arch-Enemy,82.AndthenceinHeav'ncall'dSatan,withboldwords83.Breakingtheho