英语句子结构分析 (1)

句子结构分析1.名词：表示事物名称的词。指人、事、时间、地点等实体和抽象事物。table,mind2.代词：代替名词的词。he,him,his,this,those,it,3.数词：基数词和序数词。one,first4.形容词：修饰名词，代词，表示人或事物性质，状态和特征的词。beautiful,clever,brave5.副词：修饰动词，形容词，副词和整个句子，表明时间，地点，程度等概念。hard,well,very,when,where.6.动词：表示各类动作的词。如walk,work,regret等。动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后边可以加宾语。如eat。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’mMissGreen.句子成分1.Thesunrisesintheeast.2.Helikesdancing.3.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.4.Itisdifficulttolearnalanguagewell.5.Losingherbicyclemakesherupset.6.Whatheneedsisabook.7.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.找出下列句子的主语WhatheneedsItthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree主语从句It做形式主语，真正的主语是主语从句whichwordis谓语①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?④Seeingthesnake,thegirlstoodunderthetree,frightenedoutoflife.likegetcomesgostood2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.1.Iworkinahospital.2.LastnightIcamehomelate.3.Herunsveryfast.4.Wehavetostudyhard.5.Tom’scatdiedlastweek.6.Thingschangesoquickly.基本句型1:主语+谓语(不及物动词)3、宾语表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。1)位于及物动词之后为动词的宾语简称动宾IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Ihopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?名词代词数词动名词不定式宾语从句基本句型2：主语+谓语+宾语2)位于介词之后为介词的宾语简称为介宾1.Areyouafraidofthesnake?2.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3.Shegotveryangrybecauseofwhathermothersaid.她因为她妈妈的话而很生气。4.Iamthinkingaboutwhatyousaid.我在考虑你刚才说的话。3)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。如：Hewrotemealetter.(他给我写了一封信)基本句型3:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?4、宾语补足语，是对宾语的补充，用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么。基本句型4：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Weelectedhimmonitor.Wewillmakethemhappy.Wefoundnobodyin.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Don’tlethimdothat.Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Don’tkeepthelightsburning.I’llhavemybikerepaired.名词带to的不定式省略to的不定式形容词副词表语从句介词短语现在分词5.表语：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。基本句型5：主语+系动词+表语Heisateacher.Fiveandfiveisten.Heisasleep.Hisfatherisin.Thepictureisonthewall.Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.名词数词形容词副词表语从句介词短语形容词化的分词ps：常见的连系动词除了be动词，还有look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),sound(听起来)等。remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持),become(变成),turn(变成)等。1.Thestorysoundstrue.2.Thoseorangestastegoodstar.3.Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.4.Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.5.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.基本句型1:主语+谓语(不及物动词)基本句型5：主语+系动词+表语基本句型4：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语基本句型3:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语基本句型2：主语+谓语+宾语1.Heisabraveboy.2.Idon’tlikethepictureonthewall.3.Todotoday’shomeworkwithouttheteacher’shelpisverydifficult.4.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.5.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.6.Pleasegivemethebook.分析下列句子的成分。1.Heisabraveboy.2.Idon’tlikethepictureonthewall.3.Todotoday’shomeworkwithouttheteacher’shelpisverydifficult.4.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.5.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.6.Pleasegivemethebook.6.定语：修饰，限制或说明名词或代词的品质与特征。是主语或宾语的附加成分。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.Heisourfriend.Webelongtothethirdworld.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.名词过去分词介词短语代词数词定语从句形容词现在分词1.ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinteresting.2.Idon’tknowthenameoftheteacherwhomImetinthecomputerroom.3.Isthistheplaythatyouweretalkingaboutjustnow?4.DanielisthepersonwhoIwanttomakefriendswith.5.ThetopicinwhichEricisinterestedisPhysics.7.状语：用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子。是谓语的附加成分。表示谓语动词发生的，时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.让步状语从句表示条件退让一步。让步状语从句表示：虽然，尽管，即使,无论等概念。由although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,whether,however,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whoever,nomatter(how,what,which,when,where,who)等词引导。1.Althoughheisveryold,heisquitestrong.2.Whetheryoubelieveitornor,itistrue.3.Whatever(Nomatterwhat)yousay,Iwouldnotbelieveyou.8、同位语当一个概念词在前，后面的词、词组或者句子是在解释前者时，而且两者的语法功能相同，后者就是前者的同位语。Mr.Black,ourEnglishteacher,isagoodtennisplayer.我们的英语老师——布莱克先生是个优秀的网球手。Football,theonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.足球----他唯一的爱好，让他结交了许多朋友。Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.她喜欢集邮。Weallstudyhard.我们都努力学习.Ilovesportsverymuch.我非常喜欢运动.Mummadeabeautifulskirtforme.妈妈为我做了一条漂亮的裙子.Weelectedhimourclasspresident.我们选了他做班长.句子结构1）简单句2）并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。并列连词有:and,but,or,so等。并列句中各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系。Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。Let’shurry,orwewillbelate.咱们赶紧点，要不就迟到啦。Hestudiedhard(,)andhepassedtheexam.他努力学习并通过了考试。Hefeltnofear,forhewasverybrave.他很勇敢,毫不畏惧.Hewassick,sotheywerequiet.他病了,所以他们很安静.3）复合句：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句。其中主句可以独立存在，但从句是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。例如：Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。Doyouknowthemanwhoisinthecar?你认识坐