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LearningaboutlanguageUsefulphrasescallupnowandthengetridofsetaboutdecideonwithcautionbenddownseizetheopportunityfillintheform给…打电话有时；偶尔摆脱；除去开始；着手决定,选定慎重地；小心翼翼地倔身；弯腰抓住机会填表Languagepoints1.Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthat…distinguishv.区别,辨认,显示…的差别Hecandistinguishagenuineantiquefromareproduction.Icandistinguishmyroommatesbytheirfootsteps.Shedistinguishedherselfasablacklawyer.Shedistinguishedherselfbyhercoolnessandbravery.distinguishedadj.卓越的；著名的2.Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.setabout开始,着手Youmustsetaboutyourworkatonce.Doyouknowhowtosetaboutgoingonthiswork?setout也可表示“开始”，后加动词不定式，即setouttodosth.,而setabout后加v-ing形式，即setaboutdoingsth.set构成的短语有：setoff:出发,侧重于去某个地方Ifyouwanttocatchthattrain,we’dbettersetoffforthestationimmediately.They’vesetoffonajourneyroundtheworld.setout:出发、开始，侧重于开始做某事，还有规划、展现的意思Theysucceededinwhattheysetouttodo.Shesetoutthereasonsforherresignationinalongletter.setdown写下；记下Iwillsetdownthestoryasitwastoldtome.setaside保留；撇开；取消；放弃Shesetsasideabitofmoneyeverymonth.Let'ssetasideourpersonalfeelings.setup建立Anewgovernmentwassetupafterthewar.IamcallingtosetupameetingwithMr.Hammer.setone’smindon把心思用于...；决心做…Ifhe’ssethismindondoingit,nothingwillstophim.Completethesentenceswithcorrectadverbs.1.Theyneededthemoneytoset______aspecialschoolforgiftedchildren.2.Thechildrenwerealwaysexcitedtoset______onacampingtrip.3.Youcansetthetelephonebill________asabusinesscost.4.Settingthechair______,hesatonthefloor.5.Thechildrengatheredinthegardentoset______thefireworks.upoffdownasideoff3.Thisisintheexpectationthatthesnakeswouldbiteagain.thatthesnakeswouldbiteagain是同位语从句，作expectation的同位语。expectationn.预料，期待，期望Hisnewbookdidnotcomeuptoexpectation.There’snoexpectationofsnowtonight.WeknewthatMarywoulddowell,butshehassucceededbeyondexpectation.4.Onlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognitioncanyousaythatyouaretrulyaninventor.only修饰状语、置于句首时，主句的语序需要倒装。此句的正常语序是：Youcansaythatyouaretrulyaninventoronlyafteryouhavehadthatrecognition.如:Onlythendidsherealizehowmuchdamagehadbeencaused.OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItalydidIrealizehowmuchIlovedthem.1.表示否定意义的副词或短语(never,little,seldom,notonly,notuntil,hardly/scarcely…when置于句首时引起部分倒装。NeverbeforehaveImethim.HardlydidIthinkitpossible.Notuntilmidnightdiditstopraining.2.in,out,down,up,back,over,away,off等用做状语的副词放在句首时,句子要倒装。Incametheteacherandthelessonbegan.Offwentthehorses.英语中引起句子倒装的情况还有：4.在以here,there,now,then等副词开头的句子中,句子要倒装，但是如果主语是代词就不倒装。Therecomesthebus.Therehecomes.3.so…that句式中把so所修饰的形容词或副词置于句首，so从句用倒装。Somuchhomeworkdidwehavetodothatwehadnotimetohavearest.5.在以neither,nor,nomore开头的句子中,表示”…也不这样”,句子要倒装。Thefirstonewasn’tgoodandneitherwasthesecond.Hedoesn’tcaremuchforsweets.NomoredoI.6.在以so开头,表示谓语所述情况也适用于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句,表示“也一样、也这样”，句子要倒装。Hesawit,andsodidI.---ThePastParticipleDiscoveringusefulstructuresReadthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandrewritethesentences,especiallytheunderlinedparts.1.Thereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.Thereonlyseemedtobepowderswhicharedesignedtokillsnakes.2.Preparedwithsomeresearchfindings,Idecidedonthreepossibleapproaches.AsIwaspreparedwithsomeresearchfindings,Idecidedonthreepossibleapproaches.3.Butoncepickedup,theytriedtobiteme.4.Butmonitoredcarefully,thesnakesprovedtobenotrouble.Butoncetheywerepickedup,theytriedtobiteme.Butastheyweremonitoredcarefully,thesnakesprovedtobenotrouble.一、过去分词的定义动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。二、过去分词的语法作用过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。Thereviewofthepastparticiple1)作定语：单个过去分词作定语通常放在所修饰的名词之前，过去分词短语作定语通常放在所修饰的名词之后,，其意义相当于一个定语从句。如：Abrokencupislyingontheground.Isitaletterwritteninpen?提醒：过去分词作表语不同于被动语态，过去分词作表语表示主语的状态，被动语态则表示被动的动作。2)作表语：过去分词通常在系动词后面作表语，相当于形容词，多表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。Shewasexcitedatthenews.Theteacherlooksverypleased.Theroadiscoveredwithfallenleaves.(表状态）Theroadiscoveredbythefallenleaves.(表动作)3).作宾语补足语(1)过去分词（短语）在感官动词和使役动词等之后作宾语补足语，这些词语有：have(让，使)keep(使处于某状态)get(使得)seehearfindfeelleave(使处于某状态)makewantstartnoticeobservewatchset(使处于某状态)Theworklefthimexhausted.Idon’twantmynamelinkedwithhim.(2)过去分词(短语)在使役动词get或have之后作宾语补足语，表示的动作往往是由别人完成的。如：Ihadmycarrepaired.(别人修的)Ihadmyhaircut.(别人给我理的)Wemustgetthetelevisionsetrepaired.(让别人修理)三、过去分词与现在分词的区别两者的区别主要表现在语态和时间概念上。在语态上，现在分词表示主动意思，过去分词表示被动意思；在时间上，现在分词表示动作政治进行，过去分词则表示动作的完成。比较：Whathesaidwasverytouching.(主动)Iwastouchedbythesight.(被动)therisingsun正在生起的太阳therisensun升起了的太阳Fillineachblankwiththecorrectverbform:1.Englishisalanguage_________(speak)allaroundtheworldandisthe________(work)languageofmostinternationalorganization.2.Theproblem________________(discuss)nowisveryimportant.3.Howtofeela___________(grow)populationisaproblemthatis___________(trouble)manypeople.4.Hefoundamagazine_______(mark)withtheowner’sname__________(lie)onthedeskwiththebackcover_______(tear)off.5.Therewasaterriblenoise_____________(follow)asuddenburstoflight.spokenworkingbeingdiscussedgrowingtroublingmarkedlyingtornfollowingOnemorningMr.Readisreadinginthelibrary.HeisanEnglishteacher_____(love)byhisstudents.What’sthelanguage_______(speak)inhiscountry,doyouknow