大学英语词汇与语法Lecture 8 Emphasis, Substitution & Ellips

Lecture8Emphasis,Substitution&EllipsisCollegeEnglishVocabulary&GrammarContents英语中的强调结构替代及主要的替代现象省略及主要的省略现象句首强调和倒装句Itis强调句使用do的强调其它强调结构英语中的强调结构强调1、句首强调和倒装句ShewasborninChina,andshewoulddieinChina.InChinashewasborn,andinChinashewoulddie.I’veheardhewasafamoussinger.Hewasafamoussinger,I’veheard.You’vemadeaterriblemessofit.Aterriblemessyou’vemadeofit.Shehardlyunderstandswhathewants.Hardlydoessheunderstandwhathewants.强调2、Itis强调句基本结构•Itis/was+事物（主语或宾语）+that+句子其余部分•Itis/was+人（主语或宾语）+who/whom+句子其余部分•Itis/was+状语+that+句子其余部分要点：强调句强调的是句子中的某个成分，把该成分置于itis/was之后，把句子的剩余成分按原顺序置于that之后。强调2、Itis强调句Itis/was+事物（主语或宾语）+that+句子其余部分Itis/was+人（主语或宾语）+who/whom+句子其余部分e.g.•Theytalkedaboutthismovielastweek.Itisthismoviethattheytalkedaboutlastweek.•Iamtogoinherplace.ItisIwhoamtogoinherplace.强调2、Itis强调句Itis/was+事物（主语或宾语）+that+句子其余部分Itis/was+人（主语或宾语）+who/whom+句子其余部分e.g.•WeinvitedDr.Smithtogiveusalecture.ItisDr.Smithwhomweinvitedtogiveusalecture.•Imethimatthestation.ItishimwhomImetatthestation.强调2、Itis强调句Itis/was+状语+that+句子其余部分e.g.•Igraduatedfromtheuniversitylastyear.ItwaslastyearthatIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.•Onerealizesthevalueofhealthwhenonefallsill.Itiswhenonefallsillthatonerealizesthevalueofhealth.强调2、Itis强调句Itis/was+状语+that+句子其余部分e.g.•Hedidn’tcomebackuntilmidnight.Itwasnotuntilmidnightthathecameback.•Ididn’trealizesomethingwaswronguntilthereporterwasarrested.ItwasnotuntilthereporterwasarrestedthatIrealizedsomethingwaswrong.强调2、Itis强调句请问下列强调句是否正确？•TheGreatWalliswonderful.→ItiswonderfulthattheGreatWallis.•SheteachesEnglishatamiddleschool→ItisteachesthatsheEnglishatamiddleschool.•Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalotabouttheworld.→Itisalthoughheisyoungthatheknowsalotabouttheworld.注意：不可强调句中的表语、谓语及though,although,whereas等引导的状语从句强调3、使用do的强调比较：Youlooknicetoday.Youdolooknicetoday.Ineverunderstoodphysics.Ineverdidunderstandphysics.要点：如果句子中没有助动词，可以用do来加强语气。使用do时，句中谓语动词的时态及数的变化均体现在do上，有do,does,did。dodid强调3、使用do的强调•Idon’thaveacar,butIdohaveamotorcycle.•TheteacherthinksIdidn’tstudy,butsheiswrong.Ididstudy.•IfIdofindthebook,I’llsendittoyou.•Dohelpme,please.•Dobecareful,Ibegyou.•Dohaveanotherdrink.坚定的语气，消除听者的怀疑请求或邀请时显得更诚恳强调4、其他强调结构下列句子什么意思？•ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtomeetyou.•Sheisthelastpersonintheworldtoacceptsuchajob.•Heisanythingbuthonest.•Takingwithoutaskingisnothingbutstealing.•Thefilmisnoneofthebest.•Hehadnotthesmallestdoubt.什么是替代？替代的类型具体类型的替代及替代词替代替代1、什么是替代？-Herearetwodresses.Oneisred;theotherblue.-Iprefertheredone.dress替代•一种避免重复和连接上下文的手段•对句中相同的非关键词用替代词来代替•还会让替代词的邻近词语受到强调替代词已出现过的词，传递非关键信息替代2、替代的类型•Thechilddoesn’tlikethisbook.Showhimamoreinterestingone.•Sheplaysthepianobetterthanshedoestheguitar.•-Howdoyouknowthatheisleavingsoon?-Hetoldmeso.=book=plays=heisleavingsoon替代的类型：*名词性替代*动词性替代*分句性替代替代3、名词性替代及替代词替代词：one(s),all,both,some,any,enough,several,none,many,much,more,another,theother,others,either,neither,etc.替代3、名词性替代及替代词1.one用来替代上文中已经出现过的可数名词；ones替代复数可数名词。既可指人，也可指物。•Thegreyhorseisstrongerthantheblackone.•Thenewdesignismuchbetterthantheoldones.•Therewereafewyoungpeoplewithsomeolderonesintheroom.注意：one/ones不可用来替代不可数名词。•It’scheapertobuyoldfurniturethantohavenewonemade.替代3、名词性替代及替代词2.one/ones带有this/these,that/those,which,either,neither,another,thelast,thenext等限定词时，one/ones可以省略。•Someofyouranswerswerecorrect,butIdon’tknowwhich(ones).•Marybrokethecoffee-pot,soshehastobuyanother(one).•Heboughttwosandwichesforme,butIlikeneither(one).替代3、名词性替代及替代词练习：请问下列句子是否都可用one/ones填空？1.ChinesefoodisnotthesameastheFrench____.2.Hisnovelisabad____forchildren.3.Youcantakethisbook.Iwillkeeptheother____.4.Thefirstrunnerfinishedafewyardsinfrontofthenext____.5.Whileweadmithisgoodpoints,wecanseehisbad____.6.Thecleverestboysatschoolarenotalwaysthe___whowillsucceedbestinafterlife.3.用that代替已提到过的不可数名词•TheweatherhereishotterthanthatinNewYork.•Youranswertothequestionisbetterthanthatofhers.•Themusicisassweetasthatweheardyesterday.替代3、名词性替代及替代词替代4、动词性替代及替代词替代词：do(does,did,done),doso替代4、动词性替代及替代词•-Doesyourmotherlookafteryourkideveryday?-Shecan’tdoatweekends.•-Heneverreallysucceededinhisambitions.-No.Hemighthavedone,ifithadnotbeenfortherestlessnessofhisnature.•JohnspeaksFrenchasfluentlyashedoesGerman.•Theproductionincreasesasithasdoneforthelastfewmonths.•Hesaidhewouldtellmethenews,buthedidn’tdoso.=lookafteryourkid=succeeded=speaks=increased=tellmethenews替代5、分句性替代及替代词替代词：so,not•-Doyouthinkhe’llcometomorrow?-Yes,Ithinkso.No,Ithinknot.•-Istheregoingtobeameetingtonight?-Iamafraidso/not.Ibelieveso/not.Iguessso/not.Isupposeso/not.替代5、分句性替代及替代词并列复合句中的省略状语从句中的省略关系代词的省略关系副词的省略省略省略•Happytoseeyouhere.=I’mhappytoseeyouhere.•Gottogonow.=I’vegottogonow.•Hopeyou’lllikeit.=Ihopeyou’lllikeit.•Wantacupofcoffee?=Doyouwantacupofcoffee?省略1.并列复合句中的省略1.两个并列句的主语相同时，后一句的主语常省略•Healwaysexpectstheworstandhealwaysacceptsit.•Theynotonlyrobbedhimofhisjewelsbuttheybeathimtodeath.•Twomaskedmenheldupthecashierandtheyrobbedthebank.2.两个并列句的动词相同时，后一句的动词常省略•HeisgoingtoHongKong,buthisbrotherisgoingtoAmerica.•Yoursmaybetherightanswerandminemaybethewrongone.•Iworkinabankandmybrotherworksinafactory.省略