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1Unit2EnglisharoundtheworldLanguagepoints:1.includevt.包含；包括—反义—〉excludevt.除去；排除e.g.a.Thelistincludedhisname.b.Iincludeeggsonthelistofthingstobuy.includedadj.包含的，包括的includingprep.包含，包括n./pron.+includede.g.Sixpersons,sixwomenincluded,werekilledordamagedintheroadaccident.including+n./pron.e.g.Therearesixpeople,includingthreewomen.区别：include,contain,hold·include:强调“包括，作为整体的一部分”，侧重范围或整体e.g.Hehadincludedalargenumberoffunnystoriesinthespeech.·contain:着重“其中确实包含有”，指在一定范围或容器内容纳某物，侧重包含的内容或成分。e.g.Thebottlecontainswater.·hold:指“能容纳”。e.g.a.Thehousehold20people.b.Howmuchwaterdoesthejughold?练习：1.Theparcel_______alotofthings,_______asecond-handdictionary.A.contained;includedB.contained;includingC.included;containedD.included;containing2.Thebook_______fortymaps,______threeofGreatBritain.A.contains;includesB.iscontaining;includingC.includes;containsD.contains;including2.rolen.角色；任务；作用（同part）playroles扮演角色playtherole/partof扮演…角色e.g.Hewillplaytheroleofthedoctorinmylatestdrama.playarole/partinsth/doingsth在…发挥作用/扮演角色e.g.PhoneticsplaysanimportantpartinthestudyofEnglish.3.becauseof+n./pron/宾丛e.g.Shedidn’tcometothepartybecauseofwhatyouhadsaid.because+句子e.g.IwaslateforschoolthismorningbecauseIoverslept.同义词：·dueto由于，作表语或状语e.g.Theaccidentwasduetocarelessdriving.·thanksto多亏，由于，作表语或状语e.g.Thankstoyouradvice,muchtroublewassaved.2·owingto由于，作表语或状语e.g.Tom’sfailingintheexamwasowingtohiscarelessness.·asaresultof由于，作状语e.g.Theflightwasdelayedasaresultoffog.·onaccountof因为，作状语e.g.Wedelayedourdepartureonaccountofthebadweather.·byreasonof由于，因为，作状语e.g.Hewasexcusedbyreasonofhisage.4.nativeadj.&n.①adj.a.出生地的b.本地的，土生土长的c.（常与to连用）本地产的A是B地特产的动物或植物：AbenativetoB.=AbeanativeofB.d.(指品质)与生俱来的，天生的②n.本地人，本国人，某地的动物或植物e.g.a.HernativetongueisGerman.b.TomisanativeEnglishman.c.BananaisnativetoTaiwan.==BananaisanativeofTaiwan.d.nativespeakerf.HeisanativeofBeijing.g.Areyouanativehere,orjustavisitor?h.ThepandaisanativeofwestChina.注：One’snativeplace指某人的出生地，但表达“是某地人”时，习惯上不说“Mynativeplaceis…..”而说“Iwasbornin……”拓展：nationn.国家，民族nationaladj.国家的，国民的n(c).侨民nationalityn.(u)国籍（c）民族e.g.theminoritynationalities各少数民族5.theroadtothemodernEnglishto为介词，类似的有：theentrancetothehalltheanswer(n.)tothequestionanswer(v.)thequestionthekeytothedooraroadtosuccessajourney/triptoBeijingavisitortoBeijingtheguideto….thenotestothetextanintroductiontoEnglishgrammar6.not与everything连用表示部分否定类似的：all,both,every,whole,always,altogether,entirely,wholly等与否定词连用，构成部分否定。3e.g.a.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.=Notallthatglittersisgold.发光的并非都是金子。b.Allmenherearenothonest.这儿的人并非都诚实。c.Bothofthebrothersdon’tlikethefilm.兄弟两不都喜欢这部电影。d.Thericharenotalwayshappy.有钱人并非总是幸福的。另：①not…and的否定，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。e.g.a.Shecannotsinganddance.她会唱歌但不会跳舞。b.Hedidnotspeakclearlyandcorrectly.他讲得清楚但不正确。注：把and换成or,not对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。e.g.a.Shecannotsingordance.她既不会唱歌也不会跳舞。②not…aswellas只否定它前面的部分，表示部分肯定。e.g.a.Hedoesn’tdanceaswellassing.他唱歌，但不跳舞。b.Thechildisn’tlivelyaswellashealthy.这个孩子健康，但不活泼。拓展：全部否定若表示全部否定，则用①none,neither,nobody,nowhere,neveretc.+肯定动词e.g.a.Nothingintheworldisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.世上无难事，只怕有心人。b.Nopains,nogains.c.Noneofthemareright.他们都不对。d.Neitherofuswillgo.我们两都不去。e.Thebookisnowheretofind.都处都找不到这本书。②anything,anything,anyotheretc.+否定动词e.g.Icannotdoanyoftheexercises.任何一道题我都不会做。7．Comeupa.=torise（太阳）升起e.g.Thesuncameup.b.=tocomenear走近e.g.Hecameupandsaidhellotome.c.=toappearorhappen显现；出现e.g.Thequestionnevercameup.d.（植物）长出地面拓展：comeabout发生＝happencomeacross偶遇，碰到=comeupon/meetwith/runacross(into)comealong进展，进步cometo苏醒；结果达到comeon来吧；赶快comeintobeing形成（无被动形式）comeintopower上台，掌权comeintousecomeout出版；开花；发芽；出现comeover过来；顺便拜访cometrue实现8．actuallyadv.事实上；实际上；真实地e.g.Actually,fewofuswillagreewithhim.同义词：really,infact,asamatteroffact，inreality,intruth,inpointoffact,innature49.presentn.&adj.&vt.·①n.a.=gift礼物e.g.abirthdaygiftb.当前；目前atpresent＝now目前atthepresenttime在目前，在现在forthepresent=forthetimebeing暂时，暂且，就目前来讲uptothepresent=uptonow到目前为止presently=soon不久e.g.a.Iwilltreasurethebirthdaypresenthegaveme.·②adj.a.出席的；到场的（作后置定语或表语）bepresentat出席b.现在的；现存的（作前置定语）e.g.a.Therearetwentychildrenpresent.b.Whatisyourpresentjob?·③vt.赠予，颁予，提出，呈递把某物给某人presentsthtosb＝makeapresentofsthtosbpresentsbwithsthe.g.a.Theypresentedflowerstotheirteacher.拓展：presencen.出席；到场；存在——反义——absencen.presentadj.bepresentat——反义——absentadj.beabsentfrom练习：1．__Theteacherpresent___(在座的老师)willhaveadiscussionaboutit.10．more…than与其说…倒不如说e.g.morebravethanwise有勇无谋morethan超过，不仅仅，不止e.g.Itcostmemorethan$100.nomorethan不过，仅仅，同…一样不e.g.It’snomorethanamiletotheshops.nomore…than…与…都不，不…也不e.g.Heisnomorediligentthanyou.你不勤奋，他也不勤奋。notmorethan至多，不超过，不比…更e.g.Theneweditionisnotmoreexpensivethantheoldedition.notmore…than不象…一样，不如…一样e.g.Thisbookisnotmoreinterestingthanthatone.这本书没有那本书有趣。less…thanlessthan少于nolessthan竟有…之多，多达e.g.Hissonhasreadnolessthan50Englishbooks.他的儿子竟然读了50本英文书。（强调多）noless…than和…一样，不亚于…e.g.Hervoiceisnolesssweetthanitusedtobe.她的歌声和以前一样甜美。notlessthan不少于,至少e.g.Hissonhasreadnotlessthan50Englishbooks.他的儿子读了不少于50本英文书。（不强调多或少）11.rule5·vt.&vi.(ruled,ruling)统治，支配e.g.Trynottoletyourheartruleyourhead.·n.规则，法规，章程，统治权e.g.