主谓一致和就近就远原则

主谓一致和就近就远原则就近一致原则也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、人数”上一致。一、在正式文体中：1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“therebe+句型；oreither...or;nor;neither...nor;whether...or;not...but;notonly...butalso”等。Eg.(1)Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行为或言谈与我无关。(2)NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没错。(3)Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。(4)Notonlyyoubut(also)heiswrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。Eg.(1)Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。(2)Thereis(are)apenandsomebooksonthedesk.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。非正式文体中：有时依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“noone”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。总结：英语就近原则短语1.Therebe句型Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.2.Neither...nor...Neitheryounorheisright.=Neitherhenoryouareright.3.either...or...EithertheyorJimisgoingtoShanghainextSaturday.=EitherJimortheyaregoingtoShanghainextSaturday.4.notonly...butalso...NotonlyAnnbutalsoherparentsstayathomeeverySunday.=NotonlyAnn’sparentsbutalsoshestaysathomeeverySunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇：aswellas;(together/along)with;Ratherthan;except;besides;but;including;inadditionto;apartfrom例子：HeratherthanIisright.Nobodybuttwostudentsisintheclassroom.主谓一致一、当主语后面与with,aswellas,but,except,like,ratherthan,nolessthan,besides,including等+名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,___visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks___tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered3.E-mail,aswellastelephone,___animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play4.NobodybutJane___thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown5.Allbutone___herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were二、当either...or..;neither...nor..;notonly...butalso..等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。6.Eitheryouortheheadmaster___theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.A.washandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandout7.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be三、当“theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，当“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”，且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。8.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen9.Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho___inthekindergarten.A.iswellpaidB.arewellpaidC.ispayingwellD.arepayingwell四、当news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是复数概念，而在意义上是单数概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。10.Everypossiblemeans___topreventthepollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.A.isusedB.areusedC.hasbeenusedD.havebeenused五、当分数（百分数）+of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数。11._____ofthelandinthatdistrcit_____coveredwithtreesandglass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are六、thenumberof...(...的数目)短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；当anumberof...(许多...)短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。12.Thenumberofpeopleinvited___fifty,butanumberofthem___absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wasD.were;were七、当“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。13.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory___yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided